NU 327 Patho Exam 2 Study Guide || Most
Recent Exam 2026/27 || Actual Complete Real Exam
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What are the major lymphoid organs? - ANSWER-Tonsils and
adenoids,
thymus gland, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen,
peyer patches in
intestinal wall, appendix, bone
marrow
3% and 5% NS; Albumins, mannitol...what to give? - ANSWER-
isotonic fluid
Patient is drowning in fresh water...what to give? - ANSWER-
hyper or iso
What to give a patient who is hypertonic? - ANSWER-iso or
hypo
Patient is bleeding or went through trauma...what to give? -
ANSWER-isotonic
,pulls fluid out of the cells and into the
vascular space
cell
shrinkage
**** CRACKLES- VOLUME
OVERLOAD***
Do not give to patient with
kidney problems
Give to fluid overloaded patients -
ANSWER-hypertonic fluid
Vascular space fluid comes out through __________ - ANSWER-
kidneys
3%
NS
5%
NS
5%
albumin
25% albumin - ANSWER-
hypertonic fluid
Maintenance of ECF
volume
Transmission of nerve
impulses
Maintenance of acid-base
balance
,Initiation of skeletal muscle
contractions
Maintenance of ECF osmolarity -
ANSWER-Sodium
What is the normal sodium (Na+) level? - ANSWER-135-145
mEq/L
Hypotonic/overload - ANSWER-Hyponatremia--less than 135
Hypertonic/dehydration - ANSWER-Hypernatremia--more than
145
PRESENTATION OF ANTIGENS TO T CELLS
phagocytosis, mature monocytes, wound healing, recruit
additional WBCs Produce cytokines inducing
inflammation and chemotaxis eat the antigen and are
scattered throughout the body – ANSWER-macrophages
activate T cells and B cells - ANSWER-T Lymphocytes
attack viruses and tumor cells without previous exposure -
ANSWER-Natural
Killer
Cells
director of immune response - ANSWER-T-Cells
, Forms antibodies - ANSWER-B-cells
Have when you are born (No previous exposure)
Composed of skin, phagocytic cells, NK cells and cytokines -
ANSWER-Innate
Immuni
ty
get from mother (in utero,
breastmilk)
antigen injection - ANSWER-Passive
Immunity
requires exposure to the antigen for development-
vaccines, diseases
composed of WBC and their
products
more specific than innate
immunity
has memory - ANSWER-Adaptive
Immunity
bad; foreign
invader
subtances that evoke the immune response -
ANSWER-Antigen
substances secreted in response to the antigen
- ANSWER-
Antibodies/Immunoglobins
Recent Exam 2026/27 || Actual Complete Real Exam
Questions And Correct Detailed Answers (Verified
Answers) Already Graded A+ | Guaranteed Success!!
Newest Exam | Just Released!! | Instant Download
What are the major lymphoid organs? - ANSWER-Tonsils and
adenoids,
thymus gland, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen,
peyer patches in
intestinal wall, appendix, bone
marrow
3% and 5% NS; Albumins, mannitol...what to give? - ANSWER-
isotonic fluid
Patient is drowning in fresh water...what to give? - ANSWER-
hyper or iso
What to give a patient who is hypertonic? - ANSWER-iso or
hypo
Patient is bleeding or went through trauma...what to give? -
ANSWER-isotonic
,pulls fluid out of the cells and into the
vascular space
cell
shrinkage
**** CRACKLES- VOLUME
OVERLOAD***
Do not give to patient with
kidney problems
Give to fluid overloaded patients -
ANSWER-hypertonic fluid
Vascular space fluid comes out through __________ - ANSWER-
kidneys
3%
NS
5%
NS
5%
albumin
25% albumin - ANSWER-
hypertonic fluid
Maintenance of ECF
volume
Transmission of nerve
impulses
Maintenance of acid-base
balance
,Initiation of skeletal muscle
contractions
Maintenance of ECF osmolarity -
ANSWER-Sodium
What is the normal sodium (Na+) level? - ANSWER-135-145
mEq/L
Hypotonic/overload - ANSWER-Hyponatremia--less than 135
Hypertonic/dehydration - ANSWER-Hypernatremia--more than
145
PRESENTATION OF ANTIGENS TO T CELLS
phagocytosis, mature monocytes, wound healing, recruit
additional WBCs Produce cytokines inducing
inflammation and chemotaxis eat the antigen and are
scattered throughout the body – ANSWER-macrophages
activate T cells and B cells - ANSWER-T Lymphocytes
attack viruses and tumor cells without previous exposure -
ANSWER-Natural
Killer
Cells
director of immune response - ANSWER-T-Cells
, Forms antibodies - ANSWER-B-cells
Have when you are born (No previous exposure)
Composed of skin, phagocytic cells, NK cells and cytokines -
ANSWER-Innate
Immuni
ty
get from mother (in utero,
breastmilk)
antigen injection - ANSWER-Passive
Immunity
requires exposure to the antigen for development-
vaccines, diseases
composed of WBC and their
products
more specific than innate
immunity
has memory - ANSWER-Adaptive
Immunity
bad; foreign
invader
subtances that evoke the immune response -
ANSWER-Antigen
substances secreted in response to the antigen
- ANSWER-
Antibodies/Immunoglobins
