PMH-APRN - ANSWER a nurse with graduate-level training who provides psychiatric-
mental health care and promotes mental health across the lifespan
-assess, diagnose and treat individuals and families who have psychiatric and/or substance
disorders
-work in a variety of health care settings and practices and are eligible for reimbursement
through private insurers, HMOs, PPOs, Medicare and Medicaid
ANA Code of Ethics: anticipatory guidance competency - ANSWER ANA Standards and
Scope: Standard 5B: Health Teaching & Promotion
-An educated professional nurse is aware of normal developmental and situational threats to
wellness and can educate healthcare consumers to avoid them.
• Example: Moving a toddler from a crib to a bed can prevent injury associated with climbing
out of the crib at that developmental age.
ANA Code of Ethics: the art of nursing is based on? - ANSWER caring and respect for
human dignity
ANA Code of Ethics: the fundamental principle of and attitude that the professional nurse
must have as outlined in Provision 1 - ANSWER ANA Code of Ethics: Provision 1
-"the nurse practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and
unique attributes of every person" (ANA, 2015b, p. 1).
ANA Code of Ethics: How should the nurse respond to the discovery of human trafficking in
his or her practice? - ANSWER ANA Code of Ethics: Provision 8
-Nurses must "bring attention to human rights violations in all settings and contexts. . . . The
nursing profession must respond when these violations are encountered" (ANA, 2015b, p.
33).
1
,Dr. Edward Cowles created in 1882 - ANSWER the first organized training school within a
hospital for the insane
1913, Effie Jane Taylor developed - ANSWER the first nurse-organized training course for
psychiatric nursing at Johns Hopkins Hospital
(before early psychiatric nurses were trained by physicians)
Following WWI, the National League for Nursing Education added: - ANSWER "nursing in
nervous and mental diseases" to curriculum guides
In WWII, many potential military recruits deemed unfit for service due to psychiatric
concerns, while many veterans experienced combat-related neuropsychiatric conditions.
Laura Fitzsimmons recommended: - ANSWER standards of training for psychiatric nurses,
which led to improved education and standards of care.
National Mental Health Act (NMHA) of 1946 - ANSWER -psychiatric nursing was
recognized as one of the four core disciplines in psychiatric care and treatment
-The act increased funding for psychiatric nursing education programs and contributed to a
growth in university-based nursing education.
1954 - ANSWER -the first graduate program in psychiatric nursing was established at
Rutgers University by Hildegarde Peplau
• to prepare nurse therapists.
-The first advanced practice nursing role was the psychiatric-mental health clinical nurse
specialist (PMHCNS) role.
The Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 - ANSWER (1950s brought a
transition towards deinstitutionalization in care for those with mental illnesses, which led to
an increase in the number of psychiatric clients receiving care in the community rather than
hospitals)
2
, -The Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 allowed for the expansion of the
PMHCNS role into community and ambulatory settings as they helped those who had been
deinstitutionalized adapt
1965 - ANSWER Loretta Ford, RN and Henry Silver MD introduce the nurse practitioner
role.
1973 ANA first published: - ANSWER Standards of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing
Practice
1980s states began to grant: - ANSWER prescriptive authority to advanced practice
registered nurse (APRN), adding medication prescribing and management to the traditional
therapy role of the psychiatric mental health (PMH) APRN.
2000s these exams were developed: - ANSWER Certification exams for adult and family
psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) developed.
-These exams were retired in 2015 when psychiatric certification exams were combined to a
single Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (Across the Lifespan) Certification
(PMHNP-BC).
The 21st Century Cures Act of 2016: - ANSWER -resulted in the creation of the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Interdepartmental Serious Mental Illness
Coordinating Committee (ISMICC)
-group is charged with compiling a summary of advances in serious mental illness (SMI) and
serious emotional disturbance (SED) research, evaluating federal programs and treatment
services related to SMI and SED, and making specific recommendations to better coordinate
the administration of mental health services
present: - ANSWER Current trends in care focus on integrated treatment of those with
co-occurring medical and psychiatric diagnoses and co-occurring psychiatric and substance
use disorders, leading to a need to add content in advanced health assessment,
pharmacology, pathophysiology, and the diagnosis of psychiatric illness to graduate
psychiatric nursing curricula.
3
mental health care and promotes mental health across the lifespan
-assess, diagnose and treat individuals and families who have psychiatric and/or substance
disorders
-work in a variety of health care settings and practices and are eligible for reimbursement
through private insurers, HMOs, PPOs, Medicare and Medicaid
ANA Code of Ethics: anticipatory guidance competency - ANSWER ANA Standards and
Scope: Standard 5B: Health Teaching & Promotion
-An educated professional nurse is aware of normal developmental and situational threats to
wellness and can educate healthcare consumers to avoid them.
• Example: Moving a toddler from a crib to a bed can prevent injury associated with climbing
out of the crib at that developmental age.
ANA Code of Ethics: the art of nursing is based on? - ANSWER caring and respect for
human dignity
ANA Code of Ethics: the fundamental principle of and attitude that the professional nurse
must have as outlined in Provision 1 - ANSWER ANA Code of Ethics: Provision 1
-"the nurse practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and
unique attributes of every person" (ANA, 2015b, p. 1).
ANA Code of Ethics: How should the nurse respond to the discovery of human trafficking in
his or her practice? - ANSWER ANA Code of Ethics: Provision 8
-Nurses must "bring attention to human rights violations in all settings and contexts. . . . The
nursing profession must respond when these violations are encountered" (ANA, 2015b, p.
33).
1
,Dr. Edward Cowles created in 1882 - ANSWER the first organized training school within a
hospital for the insane
1913, Effie Jane Taylor developed - ANSWER the first nurse-organized training course for
psychiatric nursing at Johns Hopkins Hospital
(before early psychiatric nurses were trained by physicians)
Following WWI, the National League for Nursing Education added: - ANSWER "nursing in
nervous and mental diseases" to curriculum guides
In WWII, many potential military recruits deemed unfit for service due to psychiatric
concerns, while many veterans experienced combat-related neuropsychiatric conditions.
Laura Fitzsimmons recommended: - ANSWER standards of training for psychiatric nurses,
which led to improved education and standards of care.
National Mental Health Act (NMHA) of 1946 - ANSWER -psychiatric nursing was
recognized as one of the four core disciplines in psychiatric care and treatment
-The act increased funding for psychiatric nursing education programs and contributed to a
growth in university-based nursing education.
1954 - ANSWER -the first graduate program in psychiatric nursing was established at
Rutgers University by Hildegarde Peplau
• to prepare nurse therapists.
-The first advanced practice nursing role was the psychiatric-mental health clinical nurse
specialist (PMHCNS) role.
The Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 - ANSWER (1950s brought a
transition towards deinstitutionalization in care for those with mental illnesses, which led to
an increase in the number of psychiatric clients receiving care in the community rather than
hospitals)
2
, -The Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 allowed for the expansion of the
PMHCNS role into community and ambulatory settings as they helped those who had been
deinstitutionalized adapt
1965 - ANSWER Loretta Ford, RN and Henry Silver MD introduce the nurse practitioner
role.
1973 ANA first published: - ANSWER Standards of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing
Practice
1980s states began to grant: - ANSWER prescriptive authority to advanced practice
registered nurse (APRN), adding medication prescribing and management to the traditional
therapy role of the psychiatric mental health (PMH) APRN.
2000s these exams were developed: - ANSWER Certification exams for adult and family
psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) developed.
-These exams were retired in 2015 when psychiatric certification exams were combined to a
single Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (Across the Lifespan) Certification
(PMHNP-BC).
The 21st Century Cures Act of 2016: - ANSWER -resulted in the creation of the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Interdepartmental Serious Mental Illness
Coordinating Committee (ISMICC)
-group is charged with compiling a summary of advances in serious mental illness (SMI) and
serious emotional disturbance (SED) research, evaluating federal programs and treatment
services related to SMI and SED, and making specific recommendations to better coordinate
the administration of mental health services
present: - ANSWER Current trends in care focus on integrated treatment of those with
co-occurring medical and psychiatric diagnoses and co-occurring psychiatric and substance
use disorders, leading to a need to add content in advanced health assessment,
pharmacology, pathophysiology, and the diagnosis of psychiatric illness to graduate
psychiatric nursing curricula.
3
