ATLS 10th POST TEST questions and ANSWb b b b b b
ERS 2026\2027 update b b b
170 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
b b b b b b
b Which of the following is the recommended Method for treatment frostbite?
b b b b b b b b b b
A. Vasodilators
B. Anticigulants
C. Warm (40 degrees) water b b b
D. Padding and elevation b b
E. Application of heat from a hairdryer - ANS>>C. Warm (40 degrees) water
b b b b b b b b b b b
Which of the following physical findings suggest a cause of hypotension ot
b b b b b b b b b b b
her than spinal cord injury?
b b b b
A. Priapism
B. Bradycardia
C. Diaphragmatic breathing b
D. Presence of deep tendon reflexes b b b b
E. Ability to flex forearms but not extend them -
b b b b b b b b
b ANS>>D. Presence of deep tendon reflexes. Spinal shock refers to loss of m
b b b b b b b b b b b b
uscle toe (flaccidty) and loss of reflexes.
b b b b b b
The primary indication for transferring A patient to a higher level trauma cen
b b b b b b b b b b b b
ter is:
b
A. Unavailibility of surgeon or operating staff b b b b b
B. Multiple system injuries, including severe head injury
b b b b b b
C. Resource limitations as determined by the transferring doctor
b b b b b b b
D. Resource limitations as determined by the hospital administration
b b b b b b b
,E. Widened mediastinum on chest x-ray following blunt trauma - b b b b b b b b
ANS>>C. Resource limitations as determined by the transferring doctor
b b b b b b b b b
A young man sustains a rifle wound to the mid-
b b b b b b b b b
abdomen. He is brought promptly to the ED by prehospital personnel. His s
b b b b b b b b b b b b
kin is cool and diaphoretic, and his systolic blood pressure is 58mmHg. War
b b b b b b b b b b b b
med crystalloid fluids are initiated without improvement in his vital signs. T
b b b b b b b b b b b
he next, most appropriate, step is to perform:
b b b b b b b
A. a laparotomy b
B. An abdominal CT-scan b b
C. Diagnostic laparoscopy b
D. Abdominal ultrasonography b
E. A diagnostic peritoneal lavage -
b b b b
b ANS>>A. Laparotomy because of hemodynamic abnormality
b b b b b
A 42-year-
b
old man is trapped from the waist down beneath his overturned tractor for s
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
everal hours before medical assistance arrives. He is awake and alert until j
b b b b b b b b b b b b
ust before arriving in the ED. He is now unconscious and responds only to p
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
ainful stimuli by moaning. His pupils are 3mm in diameter and symmetricall
b b b b b b b b b b b
y reactive to light. Prehospital personnel indicate that they have not seen th
b b b b b b b b b b b b
e patient move either of his lower extremities. On examination in the ED, no
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
movement of his lower extremities are detected, even in response to painful
b b b b b b b b b b b
b stimuli. The most likely cause for this finding is:
b b b b b b b b
A. An epidural hematoma b b
B. A pelvic fracture
b b
C. Central cord syndrome b b
D. Intracerebral hemorrhage b
E. Bilateral compartment syndrome - b b b
b ANS>>E. Bilateral compartment syndrome b b b
A 6-year-
b
o boy is struck by an automobile and brought to the ED. He is lethargic, but
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
withdraws purposefully from painful stimuli. His blood pressure is 90mmHg
b b b b b b b b b
b systolic, heart rate 140 beats per minute and his respiratory rate is 36 breat
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
hs per minute. The preferred route of venous access in this patient is:
b b b b b b b b b b b b
,A. Percutaneous femoral vein cannulation b b b
B. Cutdown on the saphenous vein at the ankle b b b b b b b
C. Intraosseous catheter placement in the proximal tibia b b b b b b
D. Percutaneous peripheral veins in the upper extremities b b b b b b
E. Central venous access via the subclavian or internal jugular vein -
b b b b b b b b b b
b ANS>>D. Percutaneous peripheral veins in the upper extremities
b b b b b b b
A young man sustains a gunshot wound to the abdomen and is brought pro
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
mptly to the ED by prehospital personnel. His skin is cool and diaphoretic, a
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
nd he is confused. His pulse is thready and his femoral pulse is only weakly p
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
alpable. The definitive treatment in managing this patient is to:
b b b b b b b b b
A. Administer O-negative blood b b
B. Apply external warming devices b b b
C. Control internal hemorrhage operatively b b b
D. Apply a pneumatic antishock garment (PASG) b b b b b
E. Infuse large volumes of intravenous crystalloid solutions. -
b b b b b b b
b ANS>>C. Control internal hemorrhage operatively b b b b
Regarding shock in the child, which of the following is FALSE? b b b b b b b b b b
A. Vital signs are age-related b b b
B. Children have greater physiologic reserves than do adults b b b b b b b
C. Tachycardia is the primary physiologic response to hypovolemia b b b b b b b
D. The absolute volume of blood loss required to produce shock is the s
b b b b b b b b b b b b
ame as in adults b b b
E. An initial fluid bolus for resuscitation should approximate 20ml/kg Ring
b b b b b b b b b
ers Lactate - b b
b ANS>>D. The absolute volume of blood loss required to produce shock is t
b b b b b b b b b b b b
he same as in adults
b b b b
A 33-year-
b
old man is struck by a car travelling at 56km/h (35mph). He has obvious fract
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
ures of the left tibia near the knee, pain in the pelvic area, and severe dyspnea
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
. His heart rate is 182 beats per minute, and his respiratory rate is 48 breaths
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
per minute with no breath sounds heard in the left chest. A tension pneumot
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
horax is relieved by immediate needle decompression and tube thoracostom
b b b b b b b b b
y. Subsequently, his heart rate decreases to 144 beats per minute, his respira
b b b b b b b b b b b b
rtory rate decreases to 36 breaths per minute
b b b b b b b
, and his blood pressure is 81/53 mmHg. Warmed Ringers lactate is adminste
b b b b b b b b b b b
red intravenously. The next priority should be to:
b b b b b b b
A. Perform external fixation of the pelvis b b b b b
B. Obtain abdominal and pelvic CT-scans b b b b
C. Perform arterial embolization of the pelvic vessel b b b b b b
D. Perform diagnostic peritoneal lavage or FAST b b b b b
E. Perform a urethrogram and cystogram - b b b b b
b ANS>>D. Perform diagnostic peritoneal lavage or FAST
b b b b b b
A 42-year- b
old man, injured in a motor vehicle crash, suffers a closed head injury, multi
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
ple palpable left rib fractures, and bilateral femur fractures. He is intubated o
b b b b b b b b b b b b
rotracheally without difficulty. Initially, his ventilations are easily assisted w
b b b b b b b b b
ith a bag- b b
mask device. It becomes more difficult to ventilate the patient over the next
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
5 minutes, and his hemoglobin oxygen saturation level decreases from 98%
b b b b b b b b b b
b to 89%. The most appropriate next step is to:
b b b b b b b b
A. Obtain a chest x-ray b b b
B. Decrease the tidal volume b b b
C. Decrease PEEP b
D. Increase the rate of assisted ventilations b b b b b
E. Perform needle decompression of the left chest. - b b b b b b b
b ANS>>A. Obtain a chest x-ray b b b b
A 30-year- b
old man sustains a severely comminuted, open, distal right femur fracture i
b b b b b b b b b b b
n a motorcycle crash. The wound is actively bleeding. Normal sensation is p
b b b b b b b b b b b b
resent over the lateral aspect of the foot but decreased over the medial foot
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
and great toe. Normal motion of the foot is observed. Dorsalis pedis and pos
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
terior tibial pulses are easily palpable on the left, but heard only by Doppler
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
on the right. Immediate efforts to improve circulation to the injured extremit
b b b b b b b b b b b
y should involve:
b b
A. Immediate angiography b
B. Tamponade of the wound with a pressure dressing b b b b b b b
C. Wound exploration and removal of bony fragments b b b b b b
D. Realignment of the fracture segments with a traction splint b b b b b b b b
E. Fasciotomy of all four compartments in the lower extremity - b b b b b b b b b
ERS 2026\2027 update b b b
170 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
b b b b b b
b Which of the following is the recommended Method for treatment frostbite?
b b b b b b b b b b
A. Vasodilators
B. Anticigulants
C. Warm (40 degrees) water b b b
D. Padding and elevation b b
E. Application of heat from a hairdryer - ANS>>C. Warm (40 degrees) water
b b b b b b b b b b b
Which of the following physical findings suggest a cause of hypotension ot
b b b b b b b b b b b
her than spinal cord injury?
b b b b
A. Priapism
B. Bradycardia
C. Diaphragmatic breathing b
D. Presence of deep tendon reflexes b b b b
E. Ability to flex forearms but not extend them -
b b b b b b b b
b ANS>>D. Presence of deep tendon reflexes. Spinal shock refers to loss of m
b b b b b b b b b b b b
uscle toe (flaccidty) and loss of reflexes.
b b b b b b
The primary indication for transferring A patient to a higher level trauma cen
b b b b b b b b b b b b
ter is:
b
A. Unavailibility of surgeon or operating staff b b b b b
B. Multiple system injuries, including severe head injury
b b b b b b
C. Resource limitations as determined by the transferring doctor
b b b b b b b
D. Resource limitations as determined by the hospital administration
b b b b b b b
,E. Widened mediastinum on chest x-ray following blunt trauma - b b b b b b b b
ANS>>C. Resource limitations as determined by the transferring doctor
b b b b b b b b b
A young man sustains a rifle wound to the mid-
b b b b b b b b b
abdomen. He is brought promptly to the ED by prehospital personnel. His s
b b b b b b b b b b b b
kin is cool and diaphoretic, and his systolic blood pressure is 58mmHg. War
b b b b b b b b b b b b
med crystalloid fluids are initiated without improvement in his vital signs. T
b b b b b b b b b b b
he next, most appropriate, step is to perform:
b b b b b b b
A. a laparotomy b
B. An abdominal CT-scan b b
C. Diagnostic laparoscopy b
D. Abdominal ultrasonography b
E. A diagnostic peritoneal lavage -
b b b b
b ANS>>A. Laparotomy because of hemodynamic abnormality
b b b b b
A 42-year-
b
old man is trapped from the waist down beneath his overturned tractor for s
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
everal hours before medical assistance arrives. He is awake and alert until j
b b b b b b b b b b b b
ust before arriving in the ED. He is now unconscious and responds only to p
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
ainful stimuli by moaning. His pupils are 3mm in diameter and symmetricall
b b b b b b b b b b b
y reactive to light. Prehospital personnel indicate that they have not seen th
b b b b b b b b b b b b
e patient move either of his lower extremities. On examination in the ED, no
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
movement of his lower extremities are detected, even in response to painful
b b b b b b b b b b b
b stimuli. The most likely cause for this finding is:
b b b b b b b b
A. An epidural hematoma b b
B. A pelvic fracture
b b
C. Central cord syndrome b b
D. Intracerebral hemorrhage b
E. Bilateral compartment syndrome - b b b
b ANS>>E. Bilateral compartment syndrome b b b
A 6-year-
b
o boy is struck by an automobile and brought to the ED. He is lethargic, but
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
withdraws purposefully from painful stimuli. His blood pressure is 90mmHg
b b b b b b b b b
b systolic, heart rate 140 beats per minute and his respiratory rate is 36 breat
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
hs per minute. The preferred route of venous access in this patient is:
b b b b b b b b b b b b
,A. Percutaneous femoral vein cannulation b b b
B. Cutdown on the saphenous vein at the ankle b b b b b b b
C. Intraosseous catheter placement in the proximal tibia b b b b b b
D. Percutaneous peripheral veins in the upper extremities b b b b b b
E. Central venous access via the subclavian or internal jugular vein -
b b b b b b b b b b
b ANS>>D. Percutaneous peripheral veins in the upper extremities
b b b b b b b
A young man sustains a gunshot wound to the abdomen and is brought pro
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
mptly to the ED by prehospital personnel. His skin is cool and diaphoretic, a
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
nd he is confused. His pulse is thready and his femoral pulse is only weakly p
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
alpable. The definitive treatment in managing this patient is to:
b b b b b b b b b
A. Administer O-negative blood b b
B. Apply external warming devices b b b
C. Control internal hemorrhage operatively b b b
D. Apply a pneumatic antishock garment (PASG) b b b b b
E. Infuse large volumes of intravenous crystalloid solutions. -
b b b b b b b
b ANS>>C. Control internal hemorrhage operatively b b b b
Regarding shock in the child, which of the following is FALSE? b b b b b b b b b b
A. Vital signs are age-related b b b
B. Children have greater physiologic reserves than do adults b b b b b b b
C. Tachycardia is the primary physiologic response to hypovolemia b b b b b b b
D. The absolute volume of blood loss required to produce shock is the s
b b b b b b b b b b b b
ame as in adults b b b
E. An initial fluid bolus for resuscitation should approximate 20ml/kg Ring
b b b b b b b b b
ers Lactate - b b
b ANS>>D. The absolute volume of blood loss required to produce shock is t
b b b b b b b b b b b b
he same as in adults
b b b b
A 33-year-
b
old man is struck by a car travelling at 56km/h (35mph). He has obvious fract
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
ures of the left tibia near the knee, pain in the pelvic area, and severe dyspnea
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
. His heart rate is 182 beats per minute, and his respiratory rate is 48 breaths
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
per minute with no breath sounds heard in the left chest. A tension pneumot
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
horax is relieved by immediate needle decompression and tube thoracostom
b b b b b b b b b
y. Subsequently, his heart rate decreases to 144 beats per minute, his respira
b b b b b b b b b b b b
rtory rate decreases to 36 breaths per minute
b b b b b b b
, and his blood pressure is 81/53 mmHg. Warmed Ringers lactate is adminste
b b b b b b b b b b b
red intravenously. The next priority should be to:
b b b b b b b
A. Perform external fixation of the pelvis b b b b b
B. Obtain abdominal and pelvic CT-scans b b b b
C. Perform arterial embolization of the pelvic vessel b b b b b b
D. Perform diagnostic peritoneal lavage or FAST b b b b b
E. Perform a urethrogram and cystogram - b b b b b
b ANS>>D. Perform diagnostic peritoneal lavage or FAST
b b b b b b
A 42-year- b
old man, injured in a motor vehicle crash, suffers a closed head injury, multi
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
ple palpable left rib fractures, and bilateral femur fractures. He is intubated o
b b b b b b b b b b b b
rotracheally without difficulty. Initially, his ventilations are easily assisted w
b b b b b b b b b
ith a bag- b b
mask device. It becomes more difficult to ventilate the patient over the next
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
5 minutes, and his hemoglobin oxygen saturation level decreases from 98%
b b b b b b b b b b
b to 89%. The most appropriate next step is to:
b b b b b b b b
A. Obtain a chest x-ray b b b
B. Decrease the tidal volume b b b
C. Decrease PEEP b
D. Increase the rate of assisted ventilations b b b b b
E. Perform needle decompression of the left chest. - b b b b b b b
b ANS>>A. Obtain a chest x-ray b b b b
A 30-year- b
old man sustains a severely comminuted, open, distal right femur fracture i
b b b b b b b b b b b
n a motorcycle crash. The wound is actively bleeding. Normal sensation is p
b b b b b b b b b b b b
resent over the lateral aspect of the foot but decreased over the medial foot
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
and great toe. Normal motion of the foot is observed. Dorsalis pedis and pos
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
terior tibial pulses are easily palpable on the left, but heard only by Doppler
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
on the right. Immediate efforts to improve circulation to the injured extremit
b b b b b b b b b b b
y should involve:
b b
A. Immediate angiography b
B. Tamponade of the wound with a pressure dressing b b b b b b b
C. Wound exploration and removal of bony fragments b b b b b b
D. Realignment of the fracture segments with a traction splint b b b b b b b b
E. Fasciotomy of all four compartments in the lower extremity - b b b b b b b b b
