PNB 2265 Renal System 1 || 100% Exact Solutions.
What are the three major functions of the kidneys? correct answers -Excretion of wastes and
foreign chemicals
-Regulation of water and ion (salt) balance (pH/Bicarb)
-Secretion of hormones
How many liters of fluid do the kidneys filter per day? correct answers ~180 liters/day
How man liters of urine does a human output per day? correct answers ~1-2 liters/day
What is the normal blood volume of a human?How long does it take to filter your entire plasma
volume? correct answers 3 Liters, ~45 minutes
What does filtrate consist of? correct answers Blood plasma without the proteins
What percentage of the filtrate that flows through the nephron is reabsorbed? What does the
remaining eventually become? correct answers 99%. The remaining 1% becomes urine
How many times per day does the body filter the entire blood volume? correct answers 60
times/day
What are the three major external organs associated with the renal system? correct answers
Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder
What artery supplies blood to the kidneys? What does this artery branch into? correct answers
Renal artery, becomes afferent arteriole
Where does the renal artery enter the kidney? correct answers The medial border of each kidney
Where are kidneys located? correct answers Peritoneally at the level of the lower thoracic/lumbar
vertebrae
What is the main purpose of the ureters and the bladder? correct answers Ureters bring urine
formed by the kidneys to the urinary bladder, where it is stored for excretion
What are the three major components of the internal anatomy of the kidney? correct answers
Renal cortex, Renal medulla, Renal pelvis
What are the two subdivisions of the renal cortex? correct answers -Outer cortical region
-Inner juxtamedullary region/corticomedullary region: within renal cortex and interspersed
throughout medulla
What are renal columns? What do they subdivide into? correct answers Extensions of the cortex,
project into the medulla and subdivide into the medullary pyramids
, What is the apex/tip of each renal pyramid called? What do they project into? correct answers
The renal papilla project into the minor calyx
When the minor calyces of many pyramids merge, what do they form? How many of these does
a typical kidney have? correct answers Major Calyx, typical kidney has 2-3
Where does the urine travel after the major calyx? correct answers The renal pelvis to be
transported to the ureter
What is osmolarity? correct answers The particle concentration
Briefly explain the osmotic gradient in the kidney. correct answers If you were to take an
osmonitor to sample the osmolarity in the kidney, you would find the outer cortex is 300 mOsm,
while the inner medulla is 1200 mOsm.
What is the functional unit of the kidney? correct answers The nephron
What is the glomerulus? Is it part of the renal system? correct answers Not technically part of the
nephron, the glomerulus is a fenestrated capillary and acts as a critical connection between blood
and the nephron.
What is the relationship between the glomerulus and bowman's capsule called? What process
occurs here? correct answers Renal Corpuscle, where filtration of the blood coming into the
nephron occurs
How does blood enter the glomerulus? How does blood exit the glomerulus? correct answers -
Afferent arteriole: blood comes in
-Efferent arteriole: blood comes out
What are the 5 major components of the nephron? Which are located in the cortex, and which are
in the medulla? correct answers -Bowman's capsule: cortex
-Proximal convoluted tubule: cortex
-Loop of henle (descending and ascending): cortex and medulla
-Distal convoluted tubule: cortex
-Collecting duct: cortex and medulla
What is the primary site of reabsorption of materials from the nephron back into the blood?
correct answers Proximal Convoluted tubule
What are the descending and ascending limbs of the loop of henle responsible for? correct
answers -Descending: reabsorption of H2O
-Ascending: reabsorption of solutes (HCL)
What processes occur in the distal convoluted tubule? correct answers Primary site of secretion
and variable reabsorption of materials (Na+ and H2O, depending on body's needs),
What are the three major functions of the kidneys? correct answers -Excretion of wastes and
foreign chemicals
-Regulation of water and ion (salt) balance (pH/Bicarb)
-Secretion of hormones
How many liters of fluid do the kidneys filter per day? correct answers ~180 liters/day
How man liters of urine does a human output per day? correct answers ~1-2 liters/day
What is the normal blood volume of a human?How long does it take to filter your entire plasma
volume? correct answers 3 Liters, ~45 minutes
What does filtrate consist of? correct answers Blood plasma without the proteins
What percentage of the filtrate that flows through the nephron is reabsorbed? What does the
remaining eventually become? correct answers 99%. The remaining 1% becomes urine
How many times per day does the body filter the entire blood volume? correct answers 60
times/day
What are the three major external organs associated with the renal system? correct answers
Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder
What artery supplies blood to the kidneys? What does this artery branch into? correct answers
Renal artery, becomes afferent arteriole
Where does the renal artery enter the kidney? correct answers The medial border of each kidney
Where are kidneys located? correct answers Peritoneally at the level of the lower thoracic/lumbar
vertebrae
What is the main purpose of the ureters and the bladder? correct answers Ureters bring urine
formed by the kidneys to the urinary bladder, where it is stored for excretion
What are the three major components of the internal anatomy of the kidney? correct answers
Renal cortex, Renal medulla, Renal pelvis
What are the two subdivisions of the renal cortex? correct answers -Outer cortical region
-Inner juxtamedullary region/corticomedullary region: within renal cortex and interspersed
throughout medulla
What are renal columns? What do they subdivide into? correct answers Extensions of the cortex,
project into the medulla and subdivide into the medullary pyramids
, What is the apex/tip of each renal pyramid called? What do they project into? correct answers
The renal papilla project into the minor calyx
When the minor calyces of many pyramids merge, what do they form? How many of these does
a typical kidney have? correct answers Major Calyx, typical kidney has 2-3
Where does the urine travel after the major calyx? correct answers The renal pelvis to be
transported to the ureter
What is osmolarity? correct answers The particle concentration
Briefly explain the osmotic gradient in the kidney. correct answers If you were to take an
osmonitor to sample the osmolarity in the kidney, you would find the outer cortex is 300 mOsm,
while the inner medulla is 1200 mOsm.
What is the functional unit of the kidney? correct answers The nephron
What is the glomerulus? Is it part of the renal system? correct answers Not technically part of the
nephron, the glomerulus is a fenestrated capillary and acts as a critical connection between blood
and the nephron.
What is the relationship between the glomerulus and bowman's capsule called? What process
occurs here? correct answers Renal Corpuscle, where filtration of the blood coming into the
nephron occurs
How does blood enter the glomerulus? How does blood exit the glomerulus? correct answers -
Afferent arteriole: blood comes in
-Efferent arteriole: blood comes out
What are the 5 major components of the nephron? Which are located in the cortex, and which are
in the medulla? correct answers -Bowman's capsule: cortex
-Proximal convoluted tubule: cortex
-Loop of henle (descending and ascending): cortex and medulla
-Distal convoluted tubule: cortex
-Collecting duct: cortex and medulla
What is the primary site of reabsorption of materials from the nephron back into the blood?
correct answers Proximal Convoluted tubule
What are the descending and ascending limbs of the loop of henle responsible for? correct
answers -Descending: reabsorption of H2O
-Ascending: reabsorption of solutes (HCL)
What processes occur in the distal convoluted tubule? correct answers Primary site of secretion
and variable reabsorption of materials (Na+ and H2O, depending on body's needs),
