Questions, Answers &
Rationales Study Guide
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Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
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Rationales
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, Factors that define health age, sex, race or ethnic heritage, comparison group, current health or physical
condition, past conditions, social or economic situation, geo- graphical location,
or the demands of various roles in society.
epidemiology the study of health and disease in society
wellness-illness continuum a dichotomized portrayal of health and illness ranging from high-level wellness at
the positive end to depletion of health at the negative end.
High-level wellness conceptualized as a sense of well-being, life satisfaction, and quality of life.
Low-level wellness adaptation to disease and disability through various levels of functional ability.
ecological model of health useful for promoting health at individual, family, community, and societal levels.
social determnants of health those factors in society that have an influence on health and the options available
to people to improve or maintain their health.
person-centered care teaching individuals about individual responsibilities and lifestyle choices
functional health or health-related quality of life (HRQoL) multiple factors contributing to a person's perception of his or her health
role performance model of health defines health in terms of individuals' ability to perform social roles
adaptive model of health people's ability to adjust positively to social, mental, and physiological change is
the measure of their health
clinical model of health absence of signs and symptoms of disease indicates health
eudaimonistic model exuberant well-being indicates optimal health. emphasizes the interactions
between physical, social, psychological, and spiritual aspects of life