GPSTC EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 STUDY GUIDE VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS
●● Pre-Trial Inmates. Answer: 14th Amendment, Whitten V Wooten
●● Sentenced Inmates. Answer: 8th Amendment, Whitley V Albers
●● Case law which says Use of Force is a seizure under 4th
Amendment?. Answer: Graham V Conner
●● Type of Seizure that applies physical force?. Answer: Actual Seizure
●● Type of Seizure that applies a show of force?. Answer: Constructive
Seizure
●● Killing someone is the ____________seizure per SCOTUS..
Answer: Ultimate
●● Two distinct occurrences during a tier II encounter?. Answer: 1. Stop
2. Frisk
, ●● Every citizen has certain rights from _______________ government
intervention.. Answer: Unreasonable
●● SCOTUS uses what term when weighing government's need to use
force to provide protection and a citizen's right against unlawful
seizure?. Answer: Objective Reasonableness
●● Whether the officer is reasonable or not is based upon the totality of
the circumstances known to the officer at the ___________ the force
was used.. Answer: Moment
●● Courts will consider any ___________ that the officer knew at time
force was used.. Answer: Objective Facts
●● Four Prongs of Graham V Conner. Answer: 1. Severity of Crime
2. Significant Threat to Others
3. Actively Resisting Arrest
4. Escape or Flight Risk
●● 14th Amendment Standard
Reasonableness or Shock the Conscience. Answer: 1. Need for Force
2. Correlation Between Needed Force & Force Used
3. Extent of Injury Sustained
4. Consideration of the Threat to Inmates/Staff
ANSWERS 2026 STUDY GUIDE VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS
●● Pre-Trial Inmates. Answer: 14th Amendment, Whitten V Wooten
●● Sentenced Inmates. Answer: 8th Amendment, Whitley V Albers
●● Case law which says Use of Force is a seizure under 4th
Amendment?. Answer: Graham V Conner
●● Type of Seizure that applies physical force?. Answer: Actual Seizure
●● Type of Seizure that applies a show of force?. Answer: Constructive
Seizure
●● Killing someone is the ____________seizure per SCOTUS..
Answer: Ultimate
●● Two distinct occurrences during a tier II encounter?. Answer: 1. Stop
2. Frisk
, ●● Every citizen has certain rights from _______________ government
intervention.. Answer: Unreasonable
●● SCOTUS uses what term when weighing government's need to use
force to provide protection and a citizen's right against unlawful
seizure?. Answer: Objective Reasonableness
●● Whether the officer is reasonable or not is based upon the totality of
the circumstances known to the officer at the ___________ the force
was used.. Answer: Moment
●● Courts will consider any ___________ that the officer knew at time
force was used.. Answer: Objective Facts
●● Four Prongs of Graham V Conner. Answer: 1. Severity of Crime
2. Significant Threat to Others
3. Actively Resisting Arrest
4. Escape or Flight Risk
●● 14th Amendment Standard
Reasonableness or Shock the Conscience. Answer: 1. Need for Force
2. Correlation Between Needed Force & Force Used
3. Extent of Injury Sustained
4. Consideration of the Threat to Inmates/Staff
