Microbial Genetics study Guide with complete
solutions latest 2026/27 UPDATE
genome
all of an organism's genetic material
chromosome and plasmids
bacterial genome
RNA or DNA
viral genome
23 chromosome pairs or 46 chromosomes
human genome
prokaryote chromosome
1 circular piece with essential genes
-haploid - 1 copy each gene
eukaryote chromosome
paired linear pieces of DNA
-diploid - 2 copies of each gene
-1 from mom & 1 from dad
gene
, -functional unit of heredity
-encodes a product
-usually a protein
genotype
-genetic makeup of an organism
-sequence of nucleotides in DNA
-determines traits
phenotype
organism's observable characteristics
-physical appearance or visible traits
-expression of genetic traits
nucleotides
basic units of DNA & RNA
-composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and
-one of 4 DNA bases: ATGC
-one of 4 RNA bases: AUGC
origin of replication (ori)
DNA sequence at which DNA unzips before being copied
-on chromosome (both prokaryotes & eukaryotes)
-also on plasmids
one
solutions latest 2026/27 UPDATE
genome
all of an organism's genetic material
chromosome and plasmids
bacterial genome
RNA or DNA
viral genome
23 chromosome pairs or 46 chromosomes
human genome
prokaryote chromosome
1 circular piece with essential genes
-haploid - 1 copy each gene
eukaryote chromosome
paired linear pieces of DNA
-diploid - 2 copies of each gene
-1 from mom & 1 from dad
gene
, -functional unit of heredity
-encodes a product
-usually a protein
genotype
-genetic makeup of an organism
-sequence of nucleotides in DNA
-determines traits
phenotype
organism's observable characteristics
-physical appearance or visible traits
-expression of genetic traits
nucleotides
basic units of DNA & RNA
-composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and
-one of 4 DNA bases: ATGC
-one of 4 RNA bases: AUGC
origin of replication (ori)
DNA sequence at which DNA unzips before being copied
-on chromosome (both prokaryotes & eukaryotes)
-also on plasmids
one
