BIO 131- Exam 2 Quizzes Latest 2026 With
Answers
What is an allele?
-two different alternate form of the same gene.
-ex: gene for green eyes and brown eyes. brown eyes are dominant so brown eyes are expressed
but you still have both of those alleles.
Early on we would compare based on physical characteristics but now can compare based
on ____________________________.
-molecular techniques (compare DNA sequences).
-this has lead to re-evaluation of larger groupings
What are the three domains that biologists divide the kingdoms of life into?
bacteria, archaea, eukarya
What two domains are more closely related?
archaea and eukarya
What is in the domain eukarya?
-eukaryotes
-multicellular-plants, animals, fungi
What is in the domain bacteria + archaea?
,-prokaryotes
-no nucleus
-very small
Charles Darwin Published?
"On the Origin of Species" (1859)
What two points did Darwin make?
(1) species showed evidence of "descent w/ modification" from common ancestors
(2) natural selection is the primary cause of descent w/ modification
Darwin observed that...
-individuals in a population vary in their traits, many of which are heritable
-more offspring are produced that survive, and competition is inevitable, and species generally
suit their environment
Darwin reasoned that...
-individuals that are best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
-over many generations, more individuals in a population will have the advantageous traits
Living organisms are made up fo chemical compounds based mostly on the element
________.
carbon (organic compound)
Molecules of all living things fall into what four main categories?
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
, What can molecules can form macromolecules?
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
dehydration reaction
-synthesizing a polymer
-create polymers from monomers
-two monomers are joined by removing one molecule fo water.
- a molecule of water is released w/ each covalent bond that is formed
hydrolysis reaction
-breaking down a polymer
-water is added to split large molecules
-water react with covalent bond ; each covalent bond broken, a water molecule splits into two
ions.
What do carbohydrates include?
simple sugars and the polymers of sugar
What are the simplest carbohydrates?
monosaccharides or simple sugars
What are some simple sugars?
glucose, fructose, galactose
What is a polymer made from simple sugars?
starch
Answers
What is an allele?
-two different alternate form of the same gene.
-ex: gene for green eyes and brown eyes. brown eyes are dominant so brown eyes are expressed
but you still have both of those alleles.
Early on we would compare based on physical characteristics but now can compare based
on ____________________________.
-molecular techniques (compare DNA sequences).
-this has lead to re-evaluation of larger groupings
What are the three domains that biologists divide the kingdoms of life into?
bacteria, archaea, eukarya
What two domains are more closely related?
archaea and eukarya
What is in the domain eukarya?
-eukaryotes
-multicellular-plants, animals, fungi
What is in the domain bacteria + archaea?
,-prokaryotes
-no nucleus
-very small
Charles Darwin Published?
"On the Origin of Species" (1859)
What two points did Darwin make?
(1) species showed evidence of "descent w/ modification" from common ancestors
(2) natural selection is the primary cause of descent w/ modification
Darwin observed that...
-individuals in a population vary in their traits, many of which are heritable
-more offspring are produced that survive, and competition is inevitable, and species generally
suit their environment
Darwin reasoned that...
-individuals that are best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
-over many generations, more individuals in a population will have the advantageous traits
Living organisms are made up fo chemical compounds based mostly on the element
________.
carbon (organic compound)
Molecules of all living things fall into what four main categories?
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
, What can molecules can form macromolecules?
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
dehydration reaction
-synthesizing a polymer
-create polymers from monomers
-two monomers are joined by removing one molecule fo water.
- a molecule of water is released w/ each covalent bond that is formed
hydrolysis reaction
-breaking down a polymer
-water is added to split large molecules
-water react with covalent bond ; each covalent bond broken, a water molecule splits into two
ions.
What do carbohydrates include?
simple sugars and the polymers of sugar
What are the simplest carbohydrates?
monosaccharides or simple sugars
What are some simple sugars?
glucose, fructose, galactose
What is a polymer made from simple sugars?
starch
