BIO322 PATHO EXAM 4 GCU
UPDATED EXAM SCRIPT 2026 TEST
PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ Etiologic Agents.
Answer: Exogenous- from external environment
Endogenous- from within the body
◉ Idiopathic.
Answer: Cause Undetermined
◉ Iatrogenic.
Answer: Caused unintentionally
ex. treatment, diagnostic procedure or error
◉ Pathogenesis.
Answer: The underlying mechanisms responsible for the clinical
manifestations of a disease
◉ Clinical Manifestations.
Answer: Signs and Symptoms associated with a disease
,Related alterations in diagnostic tests
◉ Sign.
Answer: Objective indication of disease
◉ Symptom.
Answer: Subjective indication of disease
◉ Syndrome.
Answer: Combination of signs and symptoms
◉ Acute disease.
Answer: Appears quickly
◉ Chronic Disease.
Answer: Enduring with lasting implications
◉ Exacerbation.
Answer: Increase in disease severity
◉ Remission.
Answer: Decrease in disease severity
,◉ Genetics.
Answer: Role of specific genes
familial inheritance of genetic variations
◉ Genomics.
Answer: Mediation of physiologic function by groups of genes
◉ Nutrition.
Answer: modifiable risk factor
High intake pf carbs and fat- diabetes
High intake of sodium- Cardiovascular disease
◉ Epidemiology.
Answer: study of how disease is distributed in populations and
identification of the factors influencing the distribution
◉ Incidence.
Answer: Number of new cases of a disease or condition within a defined
period and for a defined population
, ◉ Prevalence.
Answer: Number of individuals of a defined population who already
have a disease or condition
◉ Mortality.
Answer: Number of deaths in a given population
◉ Morbidity.
Answer: Departure from physiologic or psychologic well-being and
encompasses disease, injury, and disability
◉ Hypoxemic Hypoxia.
Answer: Oxygen is below normal due to environmental reasons or
respiratory disease
◉ Ischemic hypoxia.
Answer: tissue is not receiving enough O2 because of decreased
perfusion due to cardiac or vascular disorder
◉ Anemic Hypoxia.
Answer: Oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced due to
-anemia
-carbon monoxide poisoning
UPDATED EXAM SCRIPT 2026 TEST
PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ Etiologic Agents.
Answer: Exogenous- from external environment
Endogenous- from within the body
◉ Idiopathic.
Answer: Cause Undetermined
◉ Iatrogenic.
Answer: Caused unintentionally
ex. treatment, diagnostic procedure or error
◉ Pathogenesis.
Answer: The underlying mechanisms responsible for the clinical
manifestations of a disease
◉ Clinical Manifestations.
Answer: Signs and Symptoms associated with a disease
,Related alterations in diagnostic tests
◉ Sign.
Answer: Objective indication of disease
◉ Symptom.
Answer: Subjective indication of disease
◉ Syndrome.
Answer: Combination of signs and symptoms
◉ Acute disease.
Answer: Appears quickly
◉ Chronic Disease.
Answer: Enduring with lasting implications
◉ Exacerbation.
Answer: Increase in disease severity
◉ Remission.
Answer: Decrease in disease severity
,◉ Genetics.
Answer: Role of specific genes
familial inheritance of genetic variations
◉ Genomics.
Answer: Mediation of physiologic function by groups of genes
◉ Nutrition.
Answer: modifiable risk factor
High intake pf carbs and fat- diabetes
High intake of sodium- Cardiovascular disease
◉ Epidemiology.
Answer: study of how disease is distributed in populations and
identification of the factors influencing the distribution
◉ Incidence.
Answer: Number of new cases of a disease or condition within a defined
period and for a defined population
, ◉ Prevalence.
Answer: Number of individuals of a defined population who already
have a disease or condition
◉ Mortality.
Answer: Number of deaths in a given population
◉ Morbidity.
Answer: Departure from physiologic or psychologic well-being and
encompasses disease, injury, and disability
◉ Hypoxemic Hypoxia.
Answer: Oxygen is below normal due to environmental reasons or
respiratory disease
◉ Ischemic hypoxia.
Answer: tissue is not receiving enough O2 because of decreased
perfusion due to cardiac or vascular disorder
◉ Anemic Hypoxia.
Answer: Oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced due to
-anemia
-carbon monoxide poisoning
