MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE NU180 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Fluid Volume Deficit (Dehydration) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Loss of extracellular fluid volume greater
than intake
Fluid Volume Deficit Signs/Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Dry mucous membranes, poor skin
turgor, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, decreased urine output, concentrated urine, weakness
Fluid Volume Deficit Labs - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Increased hematocrit, increased BUN, increased urine
specific gravity, increased sodium possible
Fluid Volume Excess (Overhydration) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Excess extracellular fluid volume
Fluid Volume Excess Signs/Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Edema, crackles, weight gain, bounding
pulse, increased BP, jugular vein distention, dyspnea
Fluid Volume Excess Priority Intervention - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Assess lungs and oxygenation
Minimum Adult Urine Output - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅30 mL/hr
Urine Specific Gravity Normal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1.005-1.030
Daily Weight Significance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Most sensitive indicator of fluid status
1 Liter Fluid Weight Equivalent - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1 kg (2.2 lb)
Sodium Normal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅135-145 mEq/L
Hyponatremia Signs/Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Headache, confusion, lethargy, seizures,
nausea, muscle cramps
,Hypernatremia Signs/Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Thirst, restlessness, agitation, confusion, dry
mucous membranes
Potassium Normal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Hypokalemia Signs/Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Muscle weakness, fatigue, constipation,
decreased reflexes, dysrhythmias
Hypokalemia ECG Changes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Flattened T waves, U waves
Hyperkalemia Signs/Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Muscle weakness, diarrhea, dysrhythmias
Hyperkalemia ECG Changes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Tall peaked T waves
Calcium Normal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Hypocalcemia Signs/Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Tetany, muscle spasms, hyperreflexia,
numbness, tingling
Chvostek Sign - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Facial twitching after tapping facial nerve; hypocalcemia
Trousseau Sign - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Carpal spasm with BP cuff inflation; hypocalcemia
Hypercalcemia Signs/Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Weakness, lethargy, constipation, kidney
stones
Magnesium Normal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1.5-2.5 mEq/L
, Hypomagnesemia Signs/Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Hyperreflexia, tremors, dysrhythmias
Hypermagnesemia Signs/Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Decreased reflexes, lethargy, respiratory
depression
ABG pH Normal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅7.35-7.45
ABG PaCO2 Normal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅35-45 mmHg
ABG HCO3 Normal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅22-26 mEq/L
ABG PaO2 Normal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅80-100 mmHg
ABG O2 Saturation Normal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅95-100%
pH Less Than 7.35 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Acidosis
pH Greater Than 7.45 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Alkalosis
PaCO2 High - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Respiratory acidosis
PaCO2 Low - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Respiratory alkalosis
HCO3 High - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Metabolic alkalosis
HCO3 Low - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Metabolic acidosis
ROME - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Respiratory Opposite, Metabolic Equal
Fluid Volume Deficit (Dehydration) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Loss of extracellular fluid volume greater
than intake
Fluid Volume Deficit Signs/Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Dry mucous membranes, poor skin
turgor, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, decreased urine output, concentrated urine, weakness
Fluid Volume Deficit Labs - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Increased hematocrit, increased BUN, increased urine
specific gravity, increased sodium possible
Fluid Volume Excess (Overhydration) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Excess extracellular fluid volume
Fluid Volume Excess Signs/Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Edema, crackles, weight gain, bounding
pulse, increased BP, jugular vein distention, dyspnea
Fluid Volume Excess Priority Intervention - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Assess lungs and oxygenation
Minimum Adult Urine Output - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅30 mL/hr
Urine Specific Gravity Normal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1.005-1.030
Daily Weight Significance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Most sensitive indicator of fluid status
1 Liter Fluid Weight Equivalent - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1 kg (2.2 lb)
Sodium Normal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅135-145 mEq/L
Hyponatremia Signs/Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Headache, confusion, lethargy, seizures,
nausea, muscle cramps
,Hypernatremia Signs/Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Thirst, restlessness, agitation, confusion, dry
mucous membranes
Potassium Normal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Hypokalemia Signs/Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Muscle weakness, fatigue, constipation,
decreased reflexes, dysrhythmias
Hypokalemia ECG Changes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Flattened T waves, U waves
Hyperkalemia Signs/Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Muscle weakness, diarrhea, dysrhythmias
Hyperkalemia ECG Changes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Tall peaked T waves
Calcium Normal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Hypocalcemia Signs/Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Tetany, muscle spasms, hyperreflexia,
numbness, tingling
Chvostek Sign - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Facial twitching after tapping facial nerve; hypocalcemia
Trousseau Sign - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Carpal spasm with BP cuff inflation; hypocalcemia
Hypercalcemia Signs/Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Weakness, lethargy, constipation, kidney
stones
Magnesium Normal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1.5-2.5 mEq/L
, Hypomagnesemia Signs/Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Hyperreflexia, tremors, dysrhythmias
Hypermagnesemia Signs/Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Decreased reflexes, lethargy, respiratory
depression
ABG pH Normal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅7.35-7.45
ABG PaCO2 Normal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅35-45 mmHg
ABG HCO3 Normal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅22-26 mEq/L
ABG PaO2 Normal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅80-100 mmHg
ABG O2 Saturation Normal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅95-100%
pH Less Than 7.35 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Acidosis
pH Greater Than 7.45 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Alkalosis
PaCO2 High - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Respiratory acidosis
PaCO2 Low - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Respiratory alkalosis
HCO3 High - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Metabolic alkalosis
HCO3 Low - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Metabolic acidosis
ROME - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Respiratory Opposite, Metabolic Equal
