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The Science of Reading Timeline:
What is the science of reading?
The science of reading is a way of understanding how students learn to
read and write.
• Phonemic awareness- ability to hear, identify, and manipulate the
individual sounds or phonemes in spoken words.
o Ex: Practice identifying the last sound in a word, like /g/ in dog.
• Phonics- study of relationships between letters and the sounds they
represent, important for decoding.
o Ex: Teach students that each letter makes a sound. Hold up the
letter “M”. This is the letter M. M says /m/ like mom or monkey.
• Fluency- ability to accurately, automatically, and smoothly read with
expression.
o Ex: Students frequently read short stories aloud to practice
automaticity.
• Vocabulary- deep understanding of the word's meaning.
• Comprehension- to understand the meaning of the text.
o Ex: The dog ran to the park and played with a ball.
Comprehension question: Where did the dog go? Answer: The
park
• Decoding- using knowledge of letter sounds relationships to translate
written symbols into spoken language and recognize words.
o Ex: Word- dog
Student sounds out: /d/ /o/ /g/ -> “dog”
Oral, Print, and Digital Communication:
1.1 : Oral Communication Skills
Refers to the student’s ability to speak, listen, and express thoughts clearly
, and effectively.
Effective Oral Communication Skills-