FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY Chapter 1
Questions and Answers 2026 | Comprehensive
Review with Detailed Rationales | Grade A+
• Microbes -✓✓Are minute living things that are individually are usually too small to be
seen with the in aided eye.
• Pathogen -✓✓Disease causing
• Genus -✓✓First name; taxon between family and species
• Specific Epithet -✓✓The second name- italicized or underlined
• Prokaryotes -✓✓Include both bacteria and archea
• Eukaryote -✓✓A cell having a DNA inside a membrane enclosed nucleus.
• Bacteria -✓✓Single celled
Prokaryotes
Peptidoglycan cell walls
Binary Fission
Chem. and photosynthesis
• Protozoa -✓✓Unicellular eukaryotic microbes
Absorb or ingest chemicals
May be motile via psuedopods cillua or flagella
• Viruses -✓✓Nucleic acid aurrounded by protein coat
Not cellular
Only living inside of host
• Fungi -✓✓Multicellular
CANNOT carry out photo synthesis
Eukaryotes
Chitin-cell walls
• Algae -✓✓Eukaryotes
Photosynthetic
Produce oxygen
Cell walls are composed of cellulose (a carb)
• Archae -✓✓Consist of prokaryote cells
, Often found in extreme enviroments
Methanogens, halophiles and thermophiles
• Helminths -✓✓Eukaryotes
Multicellular
Flat and round worms
• Cell Theory -✓✓All living things are composed of cells
• Spontaneous Generation -✓✓Many scientists and philosophers believed that some
forms of life could arise spontaneous from non-living matter.
"Vital Force"
• Biogenesis -✓✓The claim that living cells can arise only from pre-existing living cells
• Germ Theory of Disease -✓✓States that micro organisms might have similar
relationships with plants and animals- specifically that micro organisms might cause
disease.
• Vaccination -✓✓Process of conferring immunity by administering a vaccine; also
called immunization
• Resistance -✓✓The ability to ward off disease through innate and adaptive immunity
• Pateurization -✓✓The process of mild heating to kill particular spoilage micro
organisms or pathogens.
• Aseptic Techniques -✓✓Laboratory techniques used to minimize contamination.
• Fermentation -✓✓ATP is synthesized by substrate- level phosphorylation and Oxygen
is not required.
• Infectious Disease -✓✓Is a disease in which pathogens include a susceptible host.
such as humans or an animal.
• Emerging Infectious Disease (EID's) -✓✓Disease that are new or changing and
increasing or have potential to increase in the near future.
• Chemotherapy -✓✓Treatment of disease by using chemical substances.
Paul Ehrlich
• Penicillin -✓✓Antibiotic produced by a fungus.
Discoverer: Alexander Fleming
Questions and Answers 2026 | Comprehensive
Review with Detailed Rationales | Grade A+
• Microbes -✓✓Are minute living things that are individually are usually too small to be
seen with the in aided eye.
• Pathogen -✓✓Disease causing
• Genus -✓✓First name; taxon between family and species
• Specific Epithet -✓✓The second name- italicized or underlined
• Prokaryotes -✓✓Include both bacteria and archea
• Eukaryote -✓✓A cell having a DNA inside a membrane enclosed nucleus.
• Bacteria -✓✓Single celled
Prokaryotes
Peptidoglycan cell walls
Binary Fission
Chem. and photosynthesis
• Protozoa -✓✓Unicellular eukaryotic microbes
Absorb or ingest chemicals
May be motile via psuedopods cillua or flagella
• Viruses -✓✓Nucleic acid aurrounded by protein coat
Not cellular
Only living inside of host
• Fungi -✓✓Multicellular
CANNOT carry out photo synthesis
Eukaryotes
Chitin-cell walls
• Algae -✓✓Eukaryotes
Photosynthetic
Produce oxygen
Cell walls are composed of cellulose (a carb)
• Archae -✓✓Consist of prokaryote cells
, Often found in extreme enviroments
Methanogens, halophiles and thermophiles
• Helminths -✓✓Eukaryotes
Multicellular
Flat and round worms
• Cell Theory -✓✓All living things are composed of cells
• Spontaneous Generation -✓✓Many scientists and philosophers believed that some
forms of life could arise spontaneous from non-living matter.
"Vital Force"
• Biogenesis -✓✓The claim that living cells can arise only from pre-existing living cells
• Germ Theory of Disease -✓✓States that micro organisms might have similar
relationships with plants and animals- specifically that micro organisms might cause
disease.
• Vaccination -✓✓Process of conferring immunity by administering a vaccine; also
called immunization
• Resistance -✓✓The ability to ward off disease through innate and adaptive immunity
• Pateurization -✓✓The process of mild heating to kill particular spoilage micro
organisms or pathogens.
• Aseptic Techniques -✓✓Laboratory techniques used to minimize contamination.
• Fermentation -✓✓ATP is synthesized by substrate- level phosphorylation and Oxygen
is not required.
• Infectious Disease -✓✓Is a disease in which pathogens include a susceptible host.
such as humans or an animal.
• Emerging Infectious Disease (EID's) -✓✓Disease that are new or changing and
increasing or have potential to increase in the near future.
• Chemotherapy -✓✓Treatment of disease by using chemical substances.
Paul Ehrlich
• Penicillin -✓✓Antibiotic produced by a fungus.
Discoverer: Alexander Fleming
