CJUS 410 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

CJUS 410 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 The exclusionary rule applies to all of the following, except - Answers cross-examination of the defendant. U.S. v. Moscatiello (1985) created what exception to the exclusionary rule? - Answers the independent source exception What was the first case to hold that unreasonable searches and seizures by state police violate defendants' due process rights? - Answers Wolf v. Colorado The text refers to which of the following as police actions and procedures that violate any of the five constitutional rights? - Answers bad methods The fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine refers to: - Answers the expansion of the exclusionary rule to ban evidence indirectly based on illegal government activity. In what case did SCOTUS hold that, if an officer makes an arrest, reasonably (but wrongly) believing there's an outstanding arrest warrant, evidence obtained during a search incident to the unlawful arrest is admissible in court? - Answers Herring v. U.S. What rule is a protective procedure against violations of constitutional rights? - Answers a prophylactic rule The 1961 case that reversed Wolf v. Colorado and made the states follow the exclusionary rule was: - Answers Mapp v. Ohio. U.S. v. Leon (1984) created the: - Answers good-faith exception. In using deterrence as the justification for excluding valid evidence, the Court weighs: - Answers the social costs against the deterrent effect. What exception to the exclusionary rule says that, even if officers break the law, unless their lawbreaking causes the seizure of evidence, the evidence is admissible in court? - Answers independent source exception Which justification for the exclusionary rule prevents officers from breaking the law? - Answers judicial integrity Which doctrine holds that illegally seized evidence can be introduced at trial, if the officials would have found the evidence anyway? - Answers the inevitable discovery exception Which doctrine holds that illegally seized evidence can be introduced at trial, if the poisonous connection between the illegal police actions and the evidence weakens sufficiently? - Answers the attenuation exception Not all states have adopted which doctrine? - Answers NOT doctrine of official immunity Internal review of police misconduct involves: - Answers review by special officers in the department. Which of the following is statistically the single greatest cause of injury to women in America? - Answers domestic violence Courts that have allowed the state-created-danger exception apply it in one of two ways. The first way requires a special relationship between the government and the victim, plus: - Answers a danger created by the state The U.S. government can be sued for the constitutional torts of federal law enforcement officers who have the authority to search and arrest under: - Answers The Federal Tort Claims Act The most common mechanism for holding police officers accountable for their misconduct is: - Answers administrative review and discipline. Bivens actions are: - Answers constitutional tort actions against federal officers. Heightening the possibility of a successful Bivens action requires the plaintiff to prove that an officer was acting under the color of the law, and that the officer: - Answers deprived the person of a constitutional right According to the defense of official immunity, an officer is personally liable: - Answers for any willful or malicious misconduct. Which legal doctrine prohibits people from suing the government without its consent? - Answers sovereign immunity Internal review consists of four consecutive stages: intake, investigation, deliberation, and: - Answers disposition The first U.S. _______________ case was DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services (1989). - Answers duty-to-protect According to Pinder v. Johnson, involving a lawsuit by a mother against a police officer and others for the death of her children in a fire: - Answers the due process clause does not require government actors to affirmatively protect life. During which of the following stages of the criminal process does an individual not have the right to counsel? - Answers search following arrest A grand jury is composed of a group of: - Answers private citizens After grand jurors are sworn in, they are charged by the - Answers judge The case County of Riverside v. McLaughlin dealt with which of the following? - Answers detention prior to proof of probable cause If defendants are indicted or bound over, what is the next step in the criminal process? - Answers arraignment The right to counsel attaches: - Answers when the government files formal charges against the defendant. Pretrial motions ask courts to decide questions that don't require: - Answers a trial The speedy trial clause prohibits: - Answers only undue delays According to the dual sovereignty doctrine: - Answers different jurisdictions can prosecute and punish a defendant for the same conduct. The test for allowing a defendant to be jailed prior to trial is based on: - Answers clear and convincing evidence that the defendant either won't appear or is a threat to public safety. You not only have the right to counsel, but also the right to: - Answers effective counsel The criminal complaint formally charges the defendant and authorizes the magistrate to: - Answers conduct the first appearance. Which case addressed the issue of whether pretrial conditions before convictions constitute punishment? - Answers Bell v. Wolfish Detective Stanton gets a tip from John Bratton's neighbor that Bratton is dealing drugs out of his house. Detective Stanton and a newly hired officer, Stankowitcz (awaiting to go to the academy) conduct surveillance and try to make undercover buys, unsuccessfully. Detective Stanton has bigger fish to fry and moves on. However, just a week after graduating from the academy newly minted Officer Stankowitcz decides to bust Bratton, whatever the cost. Officer Stankowitcz, knocks on Bratton's door, and tells him he knows he is a dealer. He demands to search the house, but Bratton refuses. As Bratton pushes the door closed, Officer Stankowitcz forces it open and steps in. He smells something awful. - Answers As the prosecutor, I would argue that several exceptions to the exclusionary rule apply here, making the evidence admissible despite Officer Stankowitcz's illegal entry. First, the inevitable discovery doctrine applies because Bratton's ex-girlfriend independently told police where the bodies were buried, and officers later obtained valid warrants for those