CMN 552 FINAL EXAM | COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH EXPERT SOLUTIONS| 2026
LATEST UPDATED| A+
1. Symptoms, characteristics, and potential complications of Bipolar Postpar-
tum: Fifty percent of"postpartum" major depressive episodes actually begin prior to delivery. Thus, these episodes are
referred to collectively as peripartum episodes. Women with peripartum major depressive episodes often have severe
anxiety and even panic attacks.
2. Risk Factors for development of bipolar disorder: more common in high-income than in low-income countries
Separated, divorced, or widowed individuals have higher rates of bipolar I disorder. A family history of bipolar
disorder is one of the strongest and most consistent risk factors for bipolar disorders.
individual has a manic episode with psychotic features, subsequent manic episodes are more likely to include psychotic
features.
3. common differential diagnosis for bipolar disorder: major depressive disorder, other
bipolar disorders, GAD, Panic disorder, PTSD, bipolar, substance/medication induced bipolar disorder, schizoaffective
disorder, adhd, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, personality disorders
4. differentiate depressive episodes in bipolar 1 disorder vs bipolar II disorder-
: bipolar 1 accompanied by manic episodes bipolar II no manic just hypomanic
5. depressive episodes in bipolar II disorder: bipolar II disorder have greater chronicity of illness and spend,on
average, more time in the depressive phase of their illnes
6. depressive episodes in bipolar 1 disorder: Major depressive episodes are common in bipolar
I disorder but are not required for the diagnosis of bipolar I disorder.
,8. Cyclothymia: For at least 2 years (at least 1 year in children and adolescents) there have been numerous periods
with hypomanic symptoms that do not meet criteria for a hypomanic episode and numerous periods with depressive
symptoms that do not meet criteria for a major depressive episode.
9. Cyclothymia Diagnostic Criteria in adolscents: During the above 2-year period (1 year in children and
adolescents), the hypomanic and depressive periods have been present for at least half the time and the individual has
not been without the symptoms for more than 2 months at a time.
10. symptoms of depression in children: 2 week duration of depressed or irritable mood and/or loss of interest or
pleasure of four of following symptoms:
Weight or appetite change, sleep disturbance, psychomotor retardation or agitation, fatigue or loss of energy, feelings of
worthlessness or guilt, diminished concentration, and suicidal ideation, intent, or plan. The symptoms must cause
impairment in the child's functioning with regard to, for example, social or school performance or peer relationships 11
Youth with major depressive disorder often display?: irritable mood rather than dysphoria.
12. mood disturbance symptoms in depression: mood change: painful arousal, hypersensi-
tivity to unpleasant events, insensitivity to pleasant events, insensitivity to unpleasant events, reduced anticipatory
pleasure, anhedonia affecting blunting, apathy
13. disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: severe recurrent temper outbursts manifested
verbally (verbal rages) and/or behaviorally (physical aggression toward people or property) that are grossly out of
proportion in intensity or duration to the situation or provocation
14. disruptive mood dysregulation disorder Diagnostic Criteria: The temper outbursts occur, on average, three or
more times per week
The mood between temper outbursts is persistently irritable or angry most of the day, nearly every day, and is observable
by other
have been present for 12 or more months.
, 15. family and twin data collectively suggest that genes explain approximately what percent of bipolar disorder and
what percent of major depression: 75%, 37%
16. persistent depressive disorder: depressed mood for most of the day, for most days than not, as
indicated by either subjective account or observation by others, for at least 2 years
17. persistent depressive disorder characteristics: 1. Poor appetite or overeating.
2. Insomnia or hypersomnia.
3. Low energy or fatigue.
4. Low self-esteem.
5. Poor concentration or difficulty making decisions.
6. Feelings of hopelessness
18. DIGFAST: Manic Episode: distractibility, indiscretion, grandiosity, flight of ideas, activity increase, sleep deficit,
talkativeness
19. contraindications of bright light therapy: patients with glaucoma, cataracts, macular degen-
eration, retinal detachment, retinitis pigmentosa or retinopathy, patients taking photosensitizing medications
20 indications for bright light therapy: Used for SAD; influences circadian rhythms, Advanced sleep-phase syndrome
(early sleep-wake times), Delayed sleep-phase syndrome, Shift work disorder (insomnia during daytime sleep,
drowsiness/fatigue when awake), Jet lag, Nonseasonal depression
21. bright light therapy sym that benefits the most: hypersomnia seems to be the most responsive symptom; most
beneficial in the morning.
22. 3 levels of CBT therapy:: automatic thoughts, intermediate beliefs, cognitive schemata
23. automatic thoughts:: the conscious response to stimuli
LATEST UPDATED| A+
1. Symptoms, characteristics, and potential complications of Bipolar Postpar-
tum: Fifty percent of"postpartum" major depressive episodes actually begin prior to delivery. Thus, these episodes are
referred to collectively as peripartum episodes. Women with peripartum major depressive episodes often have severe
anxiety and even panic attacks.
2. Risk Factors for development of bipolar disorder: more common in high-income than in low-income countries
Separated, divorced, or widowed individuals have higher rates of bipolar I disorder. A family history of bipolar
disorder is one of the strongest and most consistent risk factors for bipolar disorders.
individual has a manic episode with psychotic features, subsequent manic episodes are more likely to include psychotic
features.
3. common differential diagnosis for bipolar disorder: major depressive disorder, other
bipolar disorders, GAD, Panic disorder, PTSD, bipolar, substance/medication induced bipolar disorder, schizoaffective
disorder, adhd, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, personality disorders
4. differentiate depressive episodes in bipolar 1 disorder vs bipolar II disorder-
: bipolar 1 accompanied by manic episodes bipolar II no manic just hypomanic
5. depressive episodes in bipolar II disorder: bipolar II disorder have greater chronicity of illness and spend,on
average, more time in the depressive phase of their illnes
6. depressive episodes in bipolar 1 disorder: Major depressive episodes are common in bipolar
I disorder but are not required for the diagnosis of bipolar I disorder.
,8. Cyclothymia: For at least 2 years (at least 1 year in children and adolescents) there have been numerous periods
with hypomanic symptoms that do not meet criteria for a hypomanic episode and numerous periods with depressive
symptoms that do not meet criteria for a major depressive episode.
9. Cyclothymia Diagnostic Criteria in adolscents: During the above 2-year period (1 year in children and
adolescents), the hypomanic and depressive periods have been present for at least half the time and the individual has
not been without the symptoms for more than 2 months at a time.
10. symptoms of depression in children: 2 week duration of depressed or irritable mood and/or loss of interest or
pleasure of four of following symptoms:
Weight or appetite change, sleep disturbance, psychomotor retardation or agitation, fatigue or loss of energy, feelings of
worthlessness or guilt, diminished concentration, and suicidal ideation, intent, or plan. The symptoms must cause
impairment in the child's functioning with regard to, for example, social or school performance or peer relationships 11
Youth with major depressive disorder often display?: irritable mood rather than dysphoria.
12. mood disturbance symptoms in depression: mood change: painful arousal, hypersensi-
tivity to unpleasant events, insensitivity to pleasant events, insensitivity to unpleasant events, reduced anticipatory
pleasure, anhedonia affecting blunting, apathy
13. disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: severe recurrent temper outbursts manifested
verbally (verbal rages) and/or behaviorally (physical aggression toward people or property) that are grossly out of
proportion in intensity or duration to the situation or provocation
14. disruptive mood dysregulation disorder Diagnostic Criteria: The temper outbursts occur, on average, three or
more times per week
The mood between temper outbursts is persistently irritable or angry most of the day, nearly every day, and is observable
by other
have been present for 12 or more months.
, 15. family and twin data collectively suggest that genes explain approximately what percent of bipolar disorder and
what percent of major depression: 75%, 37%
16. persistent depressive disorder: depressed mood for most of the day, for most days than not, as
indicated by either subjective account or observation by others, for at least 2 years
17. persistent depressive disorder characteristics: 1. Poor appetite or overeating.
2. Insomnia or hypersomnia.
3. Low energy or fatigue.
4. Low self-esteem.
5. Poor concentration or difficulty making decisions.
6. Feelings of hopelessness
18. DIGFAST: Manic Episode: distractibility, indiscretion, grandiosity, flight of ideas, activity increase, sleep deficit,
talkativeness
19. contraindications of bright light therapy: patients with glaucoma, cataracts, macular degen-
eration, retinal detachment, retinitis pigmentosa or retinopathy, patients taking photosensitizing medications
20 indications for bright light therapy: Used for SAD; influences circadian rhythms, Advanced sleep-phase syndrome
(early sleep-wake times), Delayed sleep-phase syndrome, Shift work disorder (insomnia during daytime sleep,
drowsiness/fatigue when awake), Jet lag, Nonseasonal depression
21. bright light therapy sym that benefits the most: hypersomnia seems to be the most responsive symptom; most
beneficial in the morning.
22. 3 levels of CBT therapy:: automatic thoughts, intermediate beliefs, cognitive schemata
23. automatic thoughts:: the conscious response to stimuli
