Visual approach
Give this one a try later!
Initiated by either ATC or the
pilot.
▷ Requires at least 1000' ceiling
and 3SM visibility. (IFR under
VMC)
▷ Pilot must have either the airport
or the traffic to follow in sight.
▷ Pilot is responsible for visual
separation from traffic to follow.
The Three Conditions Required for the formation of Thunderstorms:
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, 1. Sufficient water vapor (moisture).
2. An unstable temperature lapse rate. Stability is the resistance of the
atmosphere to upwards or downwards
displacement. An unstable lapse rate allows any air mass displacement to
further grow vertically.
3. An initial uplifting force (e.g., front passages, orographic lifting by
typography, heating from below, etc.).
STANDARD TERMINAL ARRIVAL (STAR)
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■ Serves as a transition between the enroute structure
and a point from which an approach to landing can
be made.
■ Transition routes connect enroute fixes to the basic
STAR procedure.
■ Usually named according to the fix at which the
basic procedure begins.
■ As with a SID, you can state "NO STARs" in the
remarks section of the flight plan, to avoid getting a
clearance containing a STAR.
■ RNAV STARs require RNAV 1 performance.
Ground Lighting Illusion -
Give this one a try later!
, Lights along straight paths (e.g., road or train lights) can be mistaken for
runway or approach lights.
◦ Bright runway and approach lights can make the runway appear closer
than it is, especially when the surrounding terrain
is dark. This illusion may lead the pilot to fly a higher approach than desired.
TAKEOFF BRIEFING - "DEPARTS"
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D - Departure review (e.g. takeoff type, initial heading, first
fix & course, clearance readout).
E - Establish Expectations (e.g., flying pilot, PIC, positive
transfer of controls).
P - Plan / special considerations (e.g., weather, visibility,
terrain, unfamiliar field, inoperative equipment / MELs).
A - Alternate (takeoff alternate, if needed, or return plan)
R - Runway conditions and length.
T - Trouble / Tactics (e.g., rejected takeoff, engine failure).
S - Speak up! Questions / concerns?
AIRPLANE-INSTRUMENT RATING MINIMUM
AERONAUTICAL EXPERIENCE
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, 50 hours X-Country PIC time
▷ Of which ,10 hours in airplanes.
■ 40 hours actual or simulated instrument time
▷ Of which, 15 hours with CFII.
□ Including one X-Country flight of:
□ 250 NM along airways or by directed ATC
routing.
□ An instrument approach at each airport.
□ 3 different kinds of approaches using
navigation systems.
□ With a filed IFR flight plan.
□ 3 Hours instrument flight training in last 2 Calendar
months prior to practical test
■ Use of approved full flight simulator or FTD, if trained by
authorized instructor:
▷ Max. 30 hours if instrument time completed under part
142
▷ Max 20 hours if not completed under 142
■ Use of FAA approved Aviation Training Device, if trained
by an authorized instructor:
▷ Max.10 hours of instrument time if Basic ATD
▷ Max. 20 hours of instrument time if Advanced ATD
■ No more than 20 hours of total instrument time can be
credited in a full flight simulator, FTD or ATD, except the
30 hours exception under part 142 mentioned above.
(§61.65)
LIFR (Low IFR)
Give this one a try later!
Magenta Less than 500' and/or Less than 1 SM
RECENCY OF EXPERIENCE To carry passengers as PIC
Give this one a try later!
Initiated by either ATC or the
pilot.
▷ Requires at least 1000' ceiling
and 3SM visibility. (IFR under
VMC)
▷ Pilot must have either the airport
or the traffic to follow in sight.
▷ Pilot is responsible for visual
separation from traffic to follow.
The Three Conditions Required for the formation of Thunderstorms:
Give this one a try later!
, 1. Sufficient water vapor (moisture).
2. An unstable temperature lapse rate. Stability is the resistance of the
atmosphere to upwards or downwards
displacement. An unstable lapse rate allows any air mass displacement to
further grow vertically.
3. An initial uplifting force (e.g., front passages, orographic lifting by
typography, heating from below, etc.).
STANDARD TERMINAL ARRIVAL (STAR)
Give this one a try later!
■ Serves as a transition between the enroute structure
and a point from which an approach to landing can
be made.
■ Transition routes connect enroute fixes to the basic
STAR procedure.
■ Usually named according to the fix at which the
basic procedure begins.
■ As with a SID, you can state "NO STARs" in the
remarks section of the flight plan, to avoid getting a
clearance containing a STAR.
■ RNAV STARs require RNAV 1 performance.
Ground Lighting Illusion -
Give this one a try later!
, Lights along straight paths (e.g., road or train lights) can be mistaken for
runway or approach lights.
◦ Bright runway and approach lights can make the runway appear closer
than it is, especially when the surrounding terrain
is dark. This illusion may lead the pilot to fly a higher approach than desired.
TAKEOFF BRIEFING - "DEPARTS"
Give this one a try later!
D - Departure review (e.g. takeoff type, initial heading, first
fix & course, clearance readout).
E - Establish Expectations (e.g., flying pilot, PIC, positive
transfer of controls).
P - Plan / special considerations (e.g., weather, visibility,
terrain, unfamiliar field, inoperative equipment / MELs).
A - Alternate (takeoff alternate, if needed, or return plan)
R - Runway conditions and length.
T - Trouble / Tactics (e.g., rejected takeoff, engine failure).
S - Speak up! Questions / concerns?
AIRPLANE-INSTRUMENT RATING MINIMUM
AERONAUTICAL EXPERIENCE
Give this one a try later!
, 50 hours X-Country PIC time
▷ Of which ,10 hours in airplanes.
■ 40 hours actual or simulated instrument time
▷ Of which, 15 hours with CFII.
□ Including one X-Country flight of:
□ 250 NM along airways or by directed ATC
routing.
□ An instrument approach at each airport.
□ 3 different kinds of approaches using
navigation systems.
□ With a filed IFR flight plan.
□ 3 Hours instrument flight training in last 2 Calendar
months prior to practical test
■ Use of approved full flight simulator or FTD, if trained by
authorized instructor:
▷ Max. 30 hours if instrument time completed under part
142
▷ Max 20 hours if not completed under 142
■ Use of FAA approved Aviation Training Device, if trained
by an authorized instructor:
▷ Max.10 hours of instrument time if Basic ATD
▷ Max. 20 hours of instrument time if Advanced ATD
■ No more than 20 hours of total instrument time can be
credited in a full flight simulator, FTD or ATD, except the
30 hours exception under part 142 mentioned above.
(§61.65)
LIFR (Low IFR)
Give this one a try later!
Magenta Less than 500' and/or Less than 1 SM
RECENCY OF EXPERIENCE To carry passengers as PIC
