NDFS 100 EXAM 1 BYU 2026 VITAMINS
MINERALS OVERVIEW ASSESSMENT PAPER
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED STUDY SHEET
◉ *bile duct
Answer: carries bile between gallbladder and small intestine
◉ *pancreatic duct
Answer: conducts pancreatic juice into small intestine
◉ *pancreas
Answer: -secretes bicarbon to neutralize stomach acid that enters
small intestine
-manufactures enzymes to digest all energy-yielding nutrients
◉ Peristalsis
Answer: -mechanical aspect
-as the circular and longitudinal muscles tighten and relax, the food
moves ahead of the constriction. Seen in the esophagus, stomach,
and small intestine
-wavelike muscular squeezing of the esophagus, stomach & small
intestine that pushes their contents along
,◉ villi & microvilli
Answer: -in small intestine
-helps with absorption of nutrients which are then transported to
the body's cells
-products of carbs and proteins are transported to the liver
◉ storage of nutrients
Answer: -carbohydrates: LIMITED storage capacity (glycogen)
-proteins: NOT stored (stored as fat)
-Fats: UNLIMITED storage capacity: all excess macronutrients (carb
and protein) are stored as fat
-vitamins and minerals: some can be stored
◉ chemical aspects
Answer: mouth
stomach
small intestine
◉ microbiota
Answer: -digestive tract bacteria
-mix of microbial species of a community
, -breaks down remnants of food (food not digested in small intestine)
in the colon
-harvest energy from undigested food substances and use it to
sustain themselves
◉ Possible Health benefits of alcohol
Answer: -reduced risks of heart attacks, strokes, diabetes
-improved blood lipids, blood clotting factors
-mental acuity
-EPIDEMIOLOGIC - CORRELATIONS ONLY
◉ Negative effects of alcohol
Answer: -Interferes with nutrient absorption and is a psychoactive
drug.
-DISPLACES food intake
-Heart disease, cancer, diabetes, fatty liver and liver disease, excess
energy- obesity, increase nutrient needs, interferes with metabolism,
accidents, violence
-Upon exposure to alcohol, the liver speeds up its synthesis of fatty
acids
(fatty liver= cirrhosis)
◉ fructose
MINERALS OVERVIEW ASSESSMENT PAPER
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED STUDY SHEET
◉ *bile duct
Answer: carries bile between gallbladder and small intestine
◉ *pancreatic duct
Answer: conducts pancreatic juice into small intestine
◉ *pancreas
Answer: -secretes bicarbon to neutralize stomach acid that enters
small intestine
-manufactures enzymes to digest all energy-yielding nutrients
◉ Peristalsis
Answer: -mechanical aspect
-as the circular and longitudinal muscles tighten and relax, the food
moves ahead of the constriction. Seen in the esophagus, stomach,
and small intestine
-wavelike muscular squeezing of the esophagus, stomach & small
intestine that pushes their contents along
,◉ villi & microvilli
Answer: -in small intestine
-helps with absorption of nutrients which are then transported to
the body's cells
-products of carbs and proteins are transported to the liver
◉ storage of nutrients
Answer: -carbohydrates: LIMITED storage capacity (glycogen)
-proteins: NOT stored (stored as fat)
-Fats: UNLIMITED storage capacity: all excess macronutrients (carb
and protein) are stored as fat
-vitamins and minerals: some can be stored
◉ chemical aspects
Answer: mouth
stomach
small intestine
◉ microbiota
Answer: -digestive tract bacteria
-mix of microbial species of a community
, -breaks down remnants of food (food not digested in small intestine)
in the colon
-harvest energy from undigested food substances and use it to
sustain themselves
◉ Possible Health benefits of alcohol
Answer: -reduced risks of heart attacks, strokes, diabetes
-improved blood lipids, blood clotting factors
-mental acuity
-EPIDEMIOLOGIC - CORRELATIONS ONLY
◉ Negative effects of alcohol
Answer: -Interferes with nutrient absorption and is a psychoactive
drug.
-DISPLACES food intake
-Heart disease, cancer, diabetes, fatty liver and liver disease, excess
energy- obesity, increase nutrient needs, interferes with metabolism,
accidents, violence
-Upon exposure to alcohol, the liver speeds up its synthesis of fatty
acids
(fatty liver= cirrhosis)
◉ fructose
