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NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2
2026|CERTIFIED QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS (A+)
early manifestations of shock - correct-answer -anxiety, tachycardia,
pallor, light-headedness, syncope, sweating, oliguria
compensation for shock - correct-answer -SNS and adrenal medulla
stimulated- increase HR, renin increases, increased ADH, secretion of
glucocorticoids, acidosis stimulates increased respirations
ventilation - correct-answer -air always moves from high pressure area
to low pressure area
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tidal volume - correct-answer -amount of air entering lungs with each
normal breath
residual volume - correct-answer -amount of air remaining in the lungs
after forced expiration
vital capacity - correct-answer -maximal amount of air expired
following a maximal inspiration
diffusion - correct-answer -gas exchange depends on relative
concentrations of the gases
,3|Page
factors affecting diffusion of gases - correct-answer -partial pressure
gradient
fluid accumulation
total surface area available
thickness of alveolar membranes
ventilation-perfusion ratio
general manifestations of respiratory disease - correct-answer -
sneezing, coughing, sputum
eupnea - correct-answer -normal rate (10-18 inspirations per minute)
tachypnea - correct-answer -rapid superficial breathing
, 4|Page
bradypnea - correct-answer -slow respiratory rate
apnea - correct-answer -cessation of breathing
dyspnea - correct-answer -difficult or labored breathing
orthopnea - correct-answer -dyspnea occurs when lying flat
cyanosis - correct-answer -bluish coloring of the skin, caused by large
amounts of unoxygenated hemoglobin in blood
NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2
2026|CERTIFIED QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS (A+)
early manifestations of shock - correct-answer -anxiety, tachycardia,
pallor, light-headedness, syncope, sweating, oliguria
compensation for shock - correct-answer -SNS and adrenal medulla
stimulated- increase HR, renin increases, increased ADH, secretion of
glucocorticoids, acidosis stimulates increased respirations
ventilation - correct-answer -air always moves from high pressure area
to low pressure area
,2|Page
tidal volume - correct-answer -amount of air entering lungs with each
normal breath
residual volume - correct-answer -amount of air remaining in the lungs
after forced expiration
vital capacity - correct-answer -maximal amount of air expired
following a maximal inspiration
diffusion - correct-answer -gas exchange depends on relative
concentrations of the gases
,3|Page
factors affecting diffusion of gases - correct-answer -partial pressure
gradient
fluid accumulation
total surface area available
thickness of alveolar membranes
ventilation-perfusion ratio
general manifestations of respiratory disease - correct-answer -
sneezing, coughing, sputum
eupnea - correct-answer -normal rate (10-18 inspirations per minute)
tachypnea - correct-answer -rapid superficial breathing
, 4|Page
bradypnea - correct-answer -slow respiratory rate
apnea - correct-answer -cessation of breathing
dyspnea - correct-answer -difficult or labored breathing
orthopnea - correct-answer -dyspnea occurs when lying flat
cyanosis - correct-answer -bluish coloring of the skin, caused by large
amounts of unoxygenated hemoglobin in blood
