MCB4203: Module 5 Study Guide
Exam Fully Solved.
qualitative methods - Answer collect information on non-numerical data
- answers the question "what species are present?"
- census
- DNA
- 16s rRNA sequencing
- metagenomic sequencing (study of total DNA from samples, "next-gen" sequencing) - Answer
list some examples of qualitative methods
quantitative methods - Answer collect information on numerical data
- answers the question "how abundant is each bacterial species in a population?"
- qPCR with variable region primers - Answer list some examples of quantitative methods
16s rRNA sequencing - Answer chooses a gene common to all bacteria of interest to analyze
the composition of bacterial communities; genes are a component of the 30S subunit of
prokaryotic ribosomes
identifies and classifies bacteria based on 16S rRNA gene sequences - Answer what is 16S
rRNA gene sequencing used for?
analyzes conserved and variable regions to determine species presence - Answer how is 16S
rRNA gene sequencing done?
1. microbial sample acquired
2. DNA extraction
3. 16s rRNA gene PCR
4. next-generation sequencing
OR shotgun metagenomics instead of steps 3 and 4 - Answer how is taxonomic classification
accomplished using microbes from a sample?
uses bioinformatics for rapid assembly of sequences into large regions of overlapping sequences
(contigs), which are mapped into a complete genome; simultaneous determination of millions
of base pairs of DNA sequences in a single reaction run - Answer how does metagenomic
, sequencing sequence all DNA in a sample to quantify both cultivable and non-cultivable
organisms?
qPCR (quantitative PCR) - Answer a purely quantitative method where primers are designed
for variable regions (not conserved regions), so bacteria are quantifiable
primers target variable regions of 16S rRNA genes; the less time to achieve fluorescence (lower
Ct), the higher level of gene abundance - Answer how does qPCR measure species or gene
abundance using specific primers?
1. gel electrophoresis
2. membrane transfer
3. blocking
4. primary antibody incubation
5. secondary antibody incubation
6. analysis - Answer what are the steps of detecting specific proteins and their post-
translational modifications using antibodies in western blot?
node - Answer a taxonomic unit
branch - Answer defines the relationship between the taxa in terms of descent and ancestry
branch length - Answer number of changes that have occurred in that branch
root - Answer the common ancestor of all taxa
distance scale - Answer represents the number of differences between sequences (e.g. 0.1
means 10% difference between two sequences)
identifying bacterial proteins and their roles in virulence - Answer what can proteomics be
used for?
transcriptomics - Answer proteomics complements _______________, revealing bacterial
activity
metabolomics - Answer powerful tool for analyzing the metabolites present in biological
systems, helping us gain a deeper understanding of cellular processes and their regulation
Exam Fully Solved.
qualitative methods - Answer collect information on non-numerical data
- answers the question "what species are present?"
- census
- DNA
- 16s rRNA sequencing
- metagenomic sequencing (study of total DNA from samples, "next-gen" sequencing) - Answer
list some examples of qualitative methods
quantitative methods - Answer collect information on numerical data
- answers the question "how abundant is each bacterial species in a population?"
- qPCR with variable region primers - Answer list some examples of quantitative methods
16s rRNA sequencing - Answer chooses a gene common to all bacteria of interest to analyze
the composition of bacterial communities; genes are a component of the 30S subunit of
prokaryotic ribosomes
identifies and classifies bacteria based on 16S rRNA gene sequences - Answer what is 16S
rRNA gene sequencing used for?
analyzes conserved and variable regions to determine species presence - Answer how is 16S
rRNA gene sequencing done?
1. microbial sample acquired
2. DNA extraction
3. 16s rRNA gene PCR
4. next-generation sequencing
OR shotgun metagenomics instead of steps 3 and 4 - Answer how is taxonomic classification
accomplished using microbes from a sample?
uses bioinformatics for rapid assembly of sequences into large regions of overlapping sequences
(contigs), which are mapped into a complete genome; simultaneous determination of millions
of base pairs of DNA sequences in a single reaction run - Answer how does metagenomic
, sequencing sequence all DNA in a sample to quantify both cultivable and non-cultivable
organisms?
qPCR (quantitative PCR) - Answer a purely quantitative method where primers are designed
for variable regions (not conserved regions), so bacteria are quantifiable
primers target variable regions of 16S rRNA genes; the less time to achieve fluorescence (lower
Ct), the higher level of gene abundance - Answer how does qPCR measure species or gene
abundance using specific primers?
1. gel electrophoresis
2. membrane transfer
3. blocking
4. primary antibody incubation
5. secondary antibody incubation
6. analysis - Answer what are the steps of detecting specific proteins and their post-
translational modifications using antibodies in western blot?
node - Answer a taxonomic unit
branch - Answer defines the relationship between the taxa in terms of descent and ancestry
branch length - Answer number of changes that have occurred in that branch
root - Answer the common ancestor of all taxa
distance scale - Answer represents the number of differences between sequences (e.g. 0.1
means 10% difference between two sequences)
identifying bacterial proteins and their roles in virulence - Answer what can proteomics be
used for?
transcriptomics - Answer proteomics complements _______________, revealing bacterial
activity
metabolomics - Answer powerful tool for analyzing the metabolites present in biological
systems, helping us gain a deeper understanding of cellular processes and their regulation
