BIOL 2030 OPENSTAX MICROBIOLOGY
TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED ANSWERS
●● HOW WERE MICROBES USED HISTORICALLY
Answer: TO FERMENT FOODS SUCH AS BEER, BREAD, CHEESE
AND WINE
●● WHAT DID ANCIENTS THEORIZE ABOUT INFECTION AND
DISEASE?
Answer: THAT THEY WERE SPREAD BY LIVING THINGS THAT
WERE TOO SMALL TO BE SEEN
THEY ALSO INTUITED CERTAIN PRINCIPLES REGARDINT HE
SPREAD OF DISEASE AND IMMUNITY
●● WHO WAS THE FIRST TO ACTUALLY DESCRIBE
OBSERVATIONS OF BACTERIA - IN 1675?
Answer: LEEUWENHOEK,
●● WHAT DID LEEUWENHOEK USE TO OBSERVE BACTERIA?
Answer: A MICROSCOPE
●● WHEN WAS THE GOLDEN AGE OF MICROBIOLOGY?
,Answer: 1857-1914
●● WHAT DID LOUIS PASTEUR AND ROBERT KOCH DO
DURING THE GOLDEN AGE OF MICROBIOLOGY?
Answer: DISCOVERED NEW CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE
FIELDS OF MICROBIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
●● WHO DEVELOPED A TAXONOMIC SYSTEM FOR
CATEGORIZEING ORGANISMS INTO RELATED GROUPS?
Answer: CAROLUS LINNAEUS
●● WHAT DID CAROLUS LINNAEUS DO?
Answer: DEVELOPED A TAXONOMIC SYSTEM FOR
CATEGORIZING ORGANISMS INTO RELATED GROUPS
●● BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
Answer: ASSIGNS ORGANISMS IN LATINIZED SCIENTIFIC
NAMES WITH A GENUS AND SPECIES DESIGNATION
●● PHILOGENETIC TREE
Answer: A WAY OF SHOWING HOW DIFFERENT ORGANISMS
ARE THOUGHT TO BE RELATED TO ONE ANOTHER FROM AN
EVOLUTIONARY STANDPOINT
,●● WHAT ORGANISMS WERE CONTAINED IN THE FIRST
PHULOGENETIC TREE?
Answer: PLANTS AND ANIMALS
●● WHO PROPOSED ADDING A KINGDOM FOR PROTISTS IN
THE PHYLOGENETIC TREE?
Answer: ERNST HAECKEL
●● DESCRIBE ROBERT WHITTAKER'S PLYLOGENETIC TREE
Answer: IT CONTAINED FIVE KINGDOMS
ANIMALIA
PLANTAE
PROTISTA
FUNGI
MONERA
●● WHAT CHARACTERISTIC DID CARL WOESE USE TO
CREATE A PHYLOGENETIC TREE?
Answer: HE USED A SMALL SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL RNA TO
CREATE A PLUOGENETIC TREE THAT GROUPS ORGANISMS
INTO THREE DOMAINS BASED ON THEIR GENETIC
SIMILARITY
, ●● WHAT ARE A STANDARD REGERENCE FOR IDENTIFYING
AND CLASSIFYING BACTERIA
Answer: BERGEY'S MANUALS OF DETERMINATIVE AND
SUSTEMIC BACTERIOLOGY
●● HOW CAN BACTERIA BE IDENTIFIED?
Answer: THROUGH BIOCHEMICAL TESTS
DNA/RNA ANALYSIS
SEROLOGICAL TESTING
●● WHAT ARE THE THREE DOMAINS FOR LIFE?
Answer: ARCHAEA
BACTERIA
EUKARYYA
●● WHAT DOMAINS OF LIFE ARE MICROORGANISMS FOUND
IN?
Answer: ALL THREE: ARCHAEA, BACTERIA AND EUKARYA
●● WHY ARE ARCHAEA AND BACTERIA CLASSIFIED AS
PROKARYOTES?
Answer: THEY LACK A CELLULAR NUCLEUS
TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED ANSWERS
●● HOW WERE MICROBES USED HISTORICALLY
Answer: TO FERMENT FOODS SUCH AS BEER, BREAD, CHEESE
AND WINE
●● WHAT DID ANCIENTS THEORIZE ABOUT INFECTION AND
DISEASE?
Answer: THAT THEY WERE SPREAD BY LIVING THINGS THAT
WERE TOO SMALL TO BE SEEN
THEY ALSO INTUITED CERTAIN PRINCIPLES REGARDINT HE
SPREAD OF DISEASE AND IMMUNITY
●● WHO WAS THE FIRST TO ACTUALLY DESCRIBE
OBSERVATIONS OF BACTERIA - IN 1675?
Answer: LEEUWENHOEK,
●● WHAT DID LEEUWENHOEK USE TO OBSERVE BACTERIA?
Answer: A MICROSCOPE
●● WHEN WAS THE GOLDEN AGE OF MICROBIOLOGY?
,Answer: 1857-1914
●● WHAT DID LOUIS PASTEUR AND ROBERT KOCH DO
DURING THE GOLDEN AGE OF MICROBIOLOGY?
Answer: DISCOVERED NEW CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE
FIELDS OF MICROBIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
●● WHO DEVELOPED A TAXONOMIC SYSTEM FOR
CATEGORIZEING ORGANISMS INTO RELATED GROUPS?
Answer: CAROLUS LINNAEUS
●● WHAT DID CAROLUS LINNAEUS DO?
Answer: DEVELOPED A TAXONOMIC SYSTEM FOR
CATEGORIZING ORGANISMS INTO RELATED GROUPS
●● BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
Answer: ASSIGNS ORGANISMS IN LATINIZED SCIENTIFIC
NAMES WITH A GENUS AND SPECIES DESIGNATION
●● PHILOGENETIC TREE
Answer: A WAY OF SHOWING HOW DIFFERENT ORGANISMS
ARE THOUGHT TO BE RELATED TO ONE ANOTHER FROM AN
EVOLUTIONARY STANDPOINT
,●● WHAT ORGANISMS WERE CONTAINED IN THE FIRST
PHULOGENETIC TREE?
Answer: PLANTS AND ANIMALS
●● WHO PROPOSED ADDING A KINGDOM FOR PROTISTS IN
THE PHYLOGENETIC TREE?
Answer: ERNST HAECKEL
●● DESCRIBE ROBERT WHITTAKER'S PLYLOGENETIC TREE
Answer: IT CONTAINED FIVE KINGDOMS
ANIMALIA
PLANTAE
PROTISTA
FUNGI
MONERA
●● WHAT CHARACTERISTIC DID CARL WOESE USE TO
CREATE A PHYLOGENETIC TREE?
Answer: HE USED A SMALL SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL RNA TO
CREATE A PLUOGENETIC TREE THAT GROUPS ORGANISMS
INTO THREE DOMAINS BASED ON THEIR GENETIC
SIMILARITY
, ●● WHAT ARE A STANDARD REGERENCE FOR IDENTIFYING
AND CLASSIFYING BACTERIA
Answer: BERGEY'S MANUALS OF DETERMINATIVE AND
SUSTEMIC BACTERIOLOGY
●● HOW CAN BACTERIA BE IDENTIFIED?
Answer: THROUGH BIOCHEMICAL TESTS
DNA/RNA ANALYSIS
SEROLOGICAL TESTING
●● WHAT ARE THE THREE DOMAINS FOR LIFE?
Answer: ARCHAEA
BACTERIA
EUKARYYA
●● WHAT DOMAINS OF LIFE ARE MICROORGANISMS FOUND
IN?
Answer: ALL THREE: ARCHAEA, BACTERIA AND EUKARYA
●● WHY ARE ARCHAEA AND BACTERIA CLASSIFIED AS
PROKARYOTES?
Answer: THEY LACK A CELLULAR NUCLEUS
