Biology II Exam #2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b2fzpe
1. 4 major types of plant 1. reproductive organs
organ systems 2. leaf
3. stem
4. roots
2. why are vascular vascular plants have root systems that help them take up water from the
plants better able to ground
sustain photosynthe- - water is needed for photosynthesis
sis than bryophytes? - bryophytes (nonvascular) can only rely on water on the surface
3. where does photosyn- leaf of a plant
thesis occur?
4. transpiration loss of water vapor from leaves
5. why do plants tran- CO2 uptake --> carbon atoms used to produce carbohydrates in Calvin
spire? Cycle --> results in water loss
6. why are transpiration the water vapor concentration gradient
rates very high? - CO2 concentration difference driving the diffusion of CO2 into the leaf
is much smaller than the concentration difference driving the diffusion of
water out of the cell
7. 3 major tissues of the 1. dermal tissue
leaf 2. ground tissue
3. vascular tissue
, Biology II Exam #2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b2fzpe
8. example of dermal tis- epidermis
sue
9. epidermis outermost layer of cells
10. example of ground tis- mesophyll
sue
11. mesophyll tissue of loosely packed photosynthetic cells
12. example of vascular xylem, phloem
tissue
13. veins system of vascular conduits within the leaf
14. how do plants sustain by obtaining water from the soil
such high rates of wa-
ter loss?
15. 2 structures that help 1. stomata
minimize water loss 2. waxy cuticle
16. stomata pores in the epidermis
- allows gasses to diffuse into/out of the leaf
- compromises b/n minimizing water loss & providing CO2 uptake
- open/closes to maintain water balance
, Biology II Exam #2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b2fzpe
17. guard cells two cells that surround central pore of stomata
- stomata opens, guard cells swell & pump in solutes --> water diffuses in
through osmosis
- stomata closes, guard cells shrink & pump out solutes --> water diffuses
out through osmosis
18. waxy cuticle waterproof layer to stop water loss due to photosynthesis
19. 3 types of photosyn- 1. C3
thesis 2. CAM
3. C4
20. C3 plants plants that use the Calvin Cycle for the initial steps of photosynthesis that
incorporate CO2 into carbohydrates
- no separation of initial carbon fixation & Calvin Cycle
- 85% of plants
21. where does the "C3" 3-carbon molecule (3-PGA) that is produced from the Calvin Cycle
come from?
, Biology II Exam #2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b2fzpe
22. CAM plants plants that store CO2 (open stomata) at night to avoid water loss, close
stomata during the day
- separates initial carbon fixation & Calvin Cycle by time
- cacti, succulents, plants that grow in dry environments
23. where does the major- mesophyll cells
ity of the Calvin Cycle
occur in CAM plants?
24. how does PEP car- occurring at night, when transpiration rates are lower due to less sun, PEP
boxylase allow CAM carboxylase helps 3-carbon PEP combine w/ CO2
plants to reduce tran- - forms 4-carbon molecule--stored in vacuoles until morning
spiration rates?
25. why don't all plants drawbacks/limitations
use CAM photosynthe- - slow process
sis? - ATP is needed for uptake of 4-carbon molecules into vacuoles
- limited storage in vacuoles
26. C4 plants plants that have carbon fixation occurring in mesophyll cells vs. the Calvin
Cycle occurring in bundle-sheath cells
- separates initial carbon fixation & Calvin Cycle by space
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b2fzpe
1. 4 major types of plant 1. reproductive organs
organ systems 2. leaf
3. stem
4. roots
2. why are vascular vascular plants have root systems that help them take up water from the
plants better able to ground
sustain photosynthe- - water is needed for photosynthesis
sis than bryophytes? - bryophytes (nonvascular) can only rely on water on the surface
3. where does photosyn- leaf of a plant
thesis occur?
4. transpiration loss of water vapor from leaves
5. why do plants tran- CO2 uptake --> carbon atoms used to produce carbohydrates in Calvin
spire? Cycle --> results in water loss
6. why are transpiration the water vapor concentration gradient
rates very high? - CO2 concentration difference driving the diffusion of CO2 into the leaf
is much smaller than the concentration difference driving the diffusion of
water out of the cell
7. 3 major tissues of the 1. dermal tissue
leaf 2. ground tissue
3. vascular tissue
, Biology II Exam #2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b2fzpe
8. example of dermal tis- epidermis
sue
9. epidermis outermost layer of cells
10. example of ground tis- mesophyll
sue
11. mesophyll tissue of loosely packed photosynthetic cells
12. example of vascular xylem, phloem
tissue
13. veins system of vascular conduits within the leaf
14. how do plants sustain by obtaining water from the soil
such high rates of wa-
ter loss?
15. 2 structures that help 1. stomata
minimize water loss 2. waxy cuticle
16. stomata pores in the epidermis
- allows gasses to diffuse into/out of the leaf
- compromises b/n minimizing water loss & providing CO2 uptake
- open/closes to maintain water balance
, Biology II Exam #2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b2fzpe
17. guard cells two cells that surround central pore of stomata
- stomata opens, guard cells swell & pump in solutes --> water diffuses in
through osmosis
- stomata closes, guard cells shrink & pump out solutes --> water diffuses
out through osmosis
18. waxy cuticle waterproof layer to stop water loss due to photosynthesis
19. 3 types of photosyn- 1. C3
thesis 2. CAM
3. C4
20. C3 plants plants that use the Calvin Cycle for the initial steps of photosynthesis that
incorporate CO2 into carbohydrates
- no separation of initial carbon fixation & Calvin Cycle
- 85% of plants
21. where does the "C3" 3-carbon molecule (3-PGA) that is produced from the Calvin Cycle
come from?
, Biology II Exam #2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b2fzpe
22. CAM plants plants that store CO2 (open stomata) at night to avoid water loss, close
stomata during the day
- separates initial carbon fixation & Calvin Cycle by time
- cacti, succulents, plants that grow in dry environments
23. where does the major- mesophyll cells
ity of the Calvin Cycle
occur in CAM plants?
24. how does PEP car- occurring at night, when transpiration rates are lower due to less sun, PEP
boxylase allow CAM carboxylase helps 3-carbon PEP combine w/ CO2
plants to reduce tran- - forms 4-carbon molecule--stored in vacuoles until morning
spiration rates?
25. why don't all plants drawbacks/limitations
use CAM photosynthe- - slow process
sis? - ATP is needed for uptake of 4-carbon molecules into vacuoles
- limited storage in vacuoles
26. C4 plants plants that have carbon fixation occurring in mesophyll cells vs. the Calvin
Cycle occurring in bundle-sheath cells
- separates initial carbon fixation & Calvin Cycle by space
