BSN A&P II - Module 2 Comprehensive Exam (2026 Update)
1. Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the production of red
blood cells in the bone marrow?
A. Thrombopoietin
B. Erythropoietin
C. Aldosterone
D. Calcitonin
Answer: B
Rationale: Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone produced by the kidneys that signals the
bone marrow to increase the production of erythrocytes in response to low oxygen levels.
2. In the cardiac conduction system, which structure is known as the ‘natural
pacemaker’ of the heart?
A. AV node
B. Bundle of His
C. SA node
D. Purkinje fibers
Answer: C
Rationale: The Sinoatrial (SA) node initiates the electrical impulse that sets the pace for
the entire heart rhythm.
,3. Which valve prevents the backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the
left atrium?
A. Tricuspid valve
B. Mitral valve
C. Aortic valve
D. Pulmonary valve
Answer: B
Rationale: The Mitral (or bicuspid) valve is located between the left atrium and left
ventricle; it closes during ventricular contraction to prevent regurgitation.
4. What is the primary function of the Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)?
A. Increase sodium excretion
B. Decrease blood pressure
C. Promote water reabsorption in the kidneys
D. Stimulate the release of glucose
Answer: C
Rationale: ADH acts on the collecting ducts of the nephrons to increase water
permeability, thereby reducing urine volume and increasing blood volume.
5. Which of the following blood components is responsible for the initiation of
the clotting cascade?
A. Platelets
B. Leukocytes
C. Erythrocytes
D. Plasma proteins
Answer: A
Rationale: Platelets (thrombocytes) adhere to damaged vessel walls and release chemical
signals to trigger the formation of a fibrin clot.
, 6. During inspiration, what happens to the diaphragm and thoracic volume?
A. Diaphragm contracts, volume increases
B. Diaphragm relaxes, volume decreases
C. Diaphragm relaxes, volume increases
D. Diaphragm contracts, volume decreases
Answer: A
Rationale: Contraction of the diaphragm flattens the muscle, increasing thoracic volume
and creating negative pressure that draws air into the lungs.
7. Which cell type in the stomach is responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid
(HCl)?
A. Chief cells
B. Mucous cells
C. G cells
D. Parietal cells
Answer: D
Rationale: Parietal cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor; chief cells secrete pepsinogen.
8. The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in which part of the digestive
tract?
A. Stomach
B. Small intestine
C. Large intestine
D. Esophagus
Answer: B
Rationale: The small intestine, particularly the jejunum, is the primary site for nutrient
absorption due to its large surface area provided by villi.
1. Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the production of red
blood cells in the bone marrow?
A. Thrombopoietin
B. Erythropoietin
C. Aldosterone
D. Calcitonin
Answer: B
Rationale: Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone produced by the kidneys that signals the
bone marrow to increase the production of erythrocytes in response to low oxygen levels.
2. In the cardiac conduction system, which structure is known as the ‘natural
pacemaker’ of the heart?
A. AV node
B. Bundle of His
C. SA node
D. Purkinje fibers
Answer: C
Rationale: The Sinoatrial (SA) node initiates the electrical impulse that sets the pace for
the entire heart rhythm.
,3. Which valve prevents the backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the
left atrium?
A. Tricuspid valve
B. Mitral valve
C. Aortic valve
D. Pulmonary valve
Answer: B
Rationale: The Mitral (or bicuspid) valve is located between the left atrium and left
ventricle; it closes during ventricular contraction to prevent regurgitation.
4. What is the primary function of the Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)?
A. Increase sodium excretion
B. Decrease blood pressure
C. Promote water reabsorption in the kidneys
D. Stimulate the release of glucose
Answer: C
Rationale: ADH acts on the collecting ducts of the nephrons to increase water
permeability, thereby reducing urine volume and increasing blood volume.
5. Which of the following blood components is responsible for the initiation of
the clotting cascade?
A. Platelets
B. Leukocytes
C. Erythrocytes
D. Plasma proteins
Answer: A
Rationale: Platelets (thrombocytes) adhere to damaged vessel walls and release chemical
signals to trigger the formation of a fibrin clot.
, 6. During inspiration, what happens to the diaphragm and thoracic volume?
A. Diaphragm contracts, volume increases
B. Diaphragm relaxes, volume decreases
C. Diaphragm relaxes, volume increases
D. Diaphragm contracts, volume decreases
Answer: A
Rationale: Contraction of the diaphragm flattens the muscle, increasing thoracic volume
and creating negative pressure that draws air into the lungs.
7. Which cell type in the stomach is responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid
(HCl)?
A. Chief cells
B. Mucous cells
C. G cells
D. Parietal cells
Answer: D
Rationale: Parietal cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor; chief cells secrete pepsinogen.
8. The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in which part of the digestive
tract?
A. Stomach
B. Small intestine
C. Large intestine
D. Esophagus
Answer: B
Rationale: The small intestine, particularly the jejunum, is the primary site for nutrient
absorption due to its large surface area provided by villi.
