SDOH MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
what are the 5 social determinants of health from healthy people 2030 - Correct
Answers -- education access and quality
- healthcare and quality
- neighborhood and built environment
- social and community context
- economic stability
what are upstream determinants and what is an example - Correct Answers -- upstream
determinants are those that occur at the macro level and include global forces and
government policies
- ex: policies and programs, social inequities
what are midstream determinants and what is an example - Correct Answers --
midstream determinants are intermediate factors such as health behaviors
- ex: physical environment, behavior
what are downstream determinants and what is an example - Correct Answers --
Downstream determinants occur at the micro level and include one's genetics
- ex: disease and injury, mortality
what is the difference between health inequality and health inequity - Correct Answers --
health inequality: differences in the health of individuals or groups
- health inequity: a health inequality that denotes an unjust difference in health,
systematic differences in health that could be avoided by reasonable means, unfair
distribution of health risks and resources
what is collinearity - Correct Answers -which variable is actually creating the most
impact?
what is the difference between contextual and compositional effects? - Correct Answers
-- contextual effect: refers to the influence a neighborhood or other type of unit has on
people, resources in the neighborhood
- compositional effect: reflective of the characteristics of individuals that comprise the
neighborhood, people in the neighborhood
, what is Preston's curve and what does it indicate - Correct Answers -- cross sectional
analysis between life expectancy and real per capita income
- indicates that individuals born in richer countries on average can expect to live longer
than those born in poorer countries
what was wilkinson's theoretical synthesis - Correct Answers -- income distribution is a
marker of how unequal a society is
- income inequality measures the differences in social standing or social status
- those in lower income brackets will suffer from stress, envy, inferiority, and lack of self-
esteem
- those with higher incomes have access to education, better housing, health care, and
employment
how does the U.S. compare to other countries in investments in social services -
Correct Answers -distribution of benefits of public programs is most progressive in
Australia and least progressive in the US
what is the GINI coefficient and what do the values represent - Correct Answers -- the
most commonly used measure of income equality
- 0------->1
- 0: income is perfectly distributed throughout the population
- 1: complete inequality, one person has all the income and everyone else has none
what are the different ranges of food security - Correct Answers -- high food security: no
reported indications of food access problems or limitations
- marginal food security: one or two reported indications
what are the different ranges of food insecurity - Correct Answers -low food security:
reports of reduced quality, variety, or desirability of diet, little or no indication of reduced
food intake
- very low food security: reports of multiple indication of disrupted eating patterns and
reduced food intake
what was the household food security report of 2019 - Correct Answers -- USDA's food
and nutrition assistance programs increase food security by providing low-income
households access to food for a healthful diet and nutrition education
what are the summary of findings from the household food security report of 2019 -
Correct Answers -- food secure: 89.5%
- food insecure: 10.5%
- very low food security: 4.1%
- food insecurity in children: 6.5%
- episodes of food insecurity are recurrent not chronic
- about 1/4 of US households with very low food security at any time during the year
experienced the associated conditions rarely or occasionally
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
what are the 5 social determinants of health from healthy people 2030 - Correct
Answers -- education access and quality
- healthcare and quality
- neighborhood and built environment
- social and community context
- economic stability
what are upstream determinants and what is an example - Correct Answers -- upstream
determinants are those that occur at the macro level and include global forces and
government policies
- ex: policies and programs, social inequities
what are midstream determinants and what is an example - Correct Answers --
midstream determinants are intermediate factors such as health behaviors
- ex: physical environment, behavior
what are downstream determinants and what is an example - Correct Answers --
Downstream determinants occur at the micro level and include one's genetics
- ex: disease and injury, mortality
what is the difference between health inequality and health inequity - Correct Answers --
health inequality: differences in the health of individuals or groups
- health inequity: a health inequality that denotes an unjust difference in health,
systematic differences in health that could be avoided by reasonable means, unfair
distribution of health risks and resources
what is collinearity - Correct Answers -which variable is actually creating the most
impact?
what is the difference between contextual and compositional effects? - Correct Answers
-- contextual effect: refers to the influence a neighborhood or other type of unit has on
people, resources in the neighborhood
- compositional effect: reflective of the characteristics of individuals that comprise the
neighborhood, people in the neighborhood
, what is Preston's curve and what does it indicate - Correct Answers -- cross sectional
analysis between life expectancy and real per capita income
- indicates that individuals born in richer countries on average can expect to live longer
than those born in poorer countries
what was wilkinson's theoretical synthesis - Correct Answers -- income distribution is a
marker of how unequal a society is
- income inequality measures the differences in social standing or social status
- those in lower income brackets will suffer from stress, envy, inferiority, and lack of self-
esteem
- those with higher incomes have access to education, better housing, health care, and
employment
how does the U.S. compare to other countries in investments in social services -
Correct Answers -distribution of benefits of public programs is most progressive in
Australia and least progressive in the US
what is the GINI coefficient and what do the values represent - Correct Answers -- the
most commonly used measure of income equality
- 0------->1
- 0: income is perfectly distributed throughout the population
- 1: complete inequality, one person has all the income and everyone else has none
what are the different ranges of food security - Correct Answers -- high food security: no
reported indications of food access problems or limitations
- marginal food security: one or two reported indications
what are the different ranges of food insecurity - Correct Answers -low food security:
reports of reduced quality, variety, or desirability of diet, little or no indication of reduced
food intake
- very low food security: reports of multiple indication of disrupted eating patterns and
reduced food intake
what was the household food security report of 2019 - Correct Answers -- USDA's food
and nutrition assistance programs increase food security by providing low-income
households access to food for a healthful diet and nutrition education
what are the summary of findings from the household food security report of 2019 -
Correct Answers -- food secure: 89.5%
- food insecure: 10.5%
- very low food security: 4.1%
- food insecurity in children: 6.5%
- episodes of food insecurity are recurrent not chronic
- about 1/4 of US households with very low food security at any time during the year
experienced the associated conditions rarely or occasionally
