PN 4006 Final Exam 2026 | Latest Update | Exam Prep
Questions & Answers | Graded A+
1. Describe how angiography contributes to the diagnosis of cardiovascular
conditions.
Angiography evaluates the strength of heart contractions.
Angiography allows for the visualization of blood vessels, helping to
identify blockages or abnormalities.
Angiography measures the electrical activity of the heart.
Angiography assesses the function of the lungs.
2. Electrocardiography (ECG) measures the:
Electrical activity of the brain
Heart rate per minute
Respiratory rate per minute
Electrical activity of the heart
3. What is the definition of cardiac output?
The pressure exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood
vessels.
The amount of blood the heart pumps in one minute.
The volume of blood in the circulatory system.
The rate at which blood flows through the heart.
4. What is the definition of a hypotonic fluid in medical terms?
, A fluid with a lower concentration of solutes compared to another
fluid.
A fluid with a higher concentration of solutes compared to another
fluid.
A fluid that has the same concentration of solutes as another fluid.
A fluid that is isotonic to blood plasma.
5. What vitamin is essential for facilitating calcium absorption in the body?
Vitamin K
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
6. What does infiltration refer to in the context of IV therapy?
The use of IV therapy to manage fluid overload.
The process of administering medication through an IV.
The correct placement of an IV catheter in a vein.
The unintended administration of IV fluid into the surrounding
tissue.
7. Describe the implications of hemo-pneumothorax on respiratory function.
Hemopneumothorax has no effect on respiratory function.
Hemopneumothorax improves lung function by increasing air
pressure.
Hemopneumothorax only affects the heart, not the lungs.
, Hemopneumothorax can impair respiratory function by reducing
lung expansion and causing difficulty in breathing.
8. What is the primary purpose of angiography in medical diagnostics?
To measure blood pressure
To assess lung function
To visualize blood vessels
To evaluate heart rhythm
9. A tracheostomy is done:
to provide mechanical ventilation over prolonged periods of time
to assist in removing secretions
to bypass an obstructed upper airway
all of the above
10. A patient presents with confusion and lethargy. Upon testing, they are found
to have low sodium levels. What should be the immediate nursing
intervention?
Monitor the patient for signs of dehydration.
Provide the patient with a high-sodium diet.
Administer hypertonic saline as ordered.
Increase the patient's fluid intake.
11. What is evisceration?
obstruction of airway due to swelling
protrusion of organs from a wound
, impaling the eye with an object
significant burns to 50% of body
12. What is the primary purpose of arteriography in medical practice?
To perform a biopsy of arterial tissue.
To assess heart valve function.
To measure blood pressure in arteries.
To visualize blood vessels using imaging techniques.
13. Describe the physiological mechanism that leads to the development of
dependent edema.
Dependent edema is caused by an increase in blood pressure in the
upper body.
Dependent edema is a result of inflammation in the upper body.
Dependent edema results from excessive sweating in the lower
extremities.
Dependent edema occurs when fluid accumulates in the lower
extremities due to gravitational forces and impaired venous return.
14. Describe the effect of administering hypotonic fluids to a patient.
Hypotonic fluids increase blood pressure.
Hypotonic fluids can cause cells to swell as water moves into them.
Hypotonic fluids can cause cells to shrink as water moves out of
them.
Hypotonic fluids have no effect on cell size.
Questions & Answers | Graded A+
1. Describe how angiography contributes to the diagnosis of cardiovascular
conditions.
Angiography evaluates the strength of heart contractions.
Angiography allows for the visualization of blood vessels, helping to
identify blockages or abnormalities.
Angiography measures the electrical activity of the heart.
Angiography assesses the function of the lungs.
2. Electrocardiography (ECG) measures the:
Electrical activity of the brain
Heart rate per minute
Respiratory rate per minute
Electrical activity of the heart
3. What is the definition of cardiac output?
The pressure exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood
vessels.
The amount of blood the heart pumps in one minute.
The volume of blood in the circulatory system.
The rate at which blood flows through the heart.
4. What is the definition of a hypotonic fluid in medical terms?
, A fluid with a lower concentration of solutes compared to another
fluid.
A fluid with a higher concentration of solutes compared to another
fluid.
A fluid that has the same concentration of solutes as another fluid.
A fluid that is isotonic to blood plasma.
5. What vitamin is essential for facilitating calcium absorption in the body?
Vitamin K
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
6. What does infiltration refer to in the context of IV therapy?
The use of IV therapy to manage fluid overload.
The process of administering medication through an IV.
The correct placement of an IV catheter in a vein.
The unintended administration of IV fluid into the surrounding
tissue.
7. Describe the implications of hemo-pneumothorax on respiratory function.
Hemopneumothorax has no effect on respiratory function.
Hemopneumothorax improves lung function by increasing air
pressure.
Hemopneumothorax only affects the heart, not the lungs.
, Hemopneumothorax can impair respiratory function by reducing
lung expansion and causing difficulty in breathing.
8. What is the primary purpose of angiography in medical diagnostics?
To measure blood pressure
To assess lung function
To visualize blood vessels
To evaluate heart rhythm
9. A tracheostomy is done:
to provide mechanical ventilation over prolonged periods of time
to assist in removing secretions
to bypass an obstructed upper airway
all of the above
10. A patient presents with confusion and lethargy. Upon testing, they are found
to have low sodium levels. What should be the immediate nursing
intervention?
Monitor the patient for signs of dehydration.
Provide the patient with a high-sodium diet.
Administer hypertonic saline as ordered.
Increase the patient's fluid intake.
11. What is evisceration?
obstruction of airway due to swelling
protrusion of organs from a wound
, impaling the eye with an object
significant burns to 50% of body
12. What is the primary purpose of arteriography in medical practice?
To perform a biopsy of arterial tissue.
To assess heart valve function.
To measure blood pressure in arteries.
To visualize blood vessels using imaging techniques.
13. Describe the physiological mechanism that leads to the development of
dependent edema.
Dependent edema is caused by an increase in blood pressure in the
upper body.
Dependent edema is a result of inflammation in the upper body.
Dependent edema results from excessive sweating in the lower
extremities.
Dependent edema occurs when fluid accumulates in the lower
extremities due to gravitational forces and impaired venous return.
14. Describe the effect of administering hypotonic fluids to a patient.
Hypotonic fluids increase blood pressure.
Hypotonic fluids can cause cells to swell as water moves into them.
Hypotonic fluids can cause cells to shrink as water moves out of
them.
Hypotonic fluids have no effect on cell size.
