ETS SLP Praxis (Form 1-3) Exam Questions
and Answers
Question 1
Oropharyngeal dysphagia in a child with Down syndrome is most likely caused by
which of the following factors?
A.Hypotonia
B.Digestive problems
C.Pneumonia
D.Aversive feeding behaviors
Correct Answer
Option (A) is correct. Hypotonia is the leading cause of swallowing disorders in
children with Down syndrome.
Question 2
n Bloom and Lahey's model, morphology is considered
A.form
B.content
C.use
D.semantics
Correct Answer
A- FORM
Page 1 of 189
,Question 3
Inhalation during respiration is primarily carried out through the movement of which
of the following muscles or muscle groups?
A.Diaphragm
B.Internal intercostals
C.External intercostals
D.Scalenes
Correct Answer
Option (A) is correct. The diaphragm is the muscle that creates the most volume in
the lungs.
Page 2 of 189
,Question 4
A study is conducted to determine how well a dysphagia screening test predicts
aspiration that is later confirmed with a videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSSV F S
S). The study results are presented in the table below.
VFSSV F S S Results
Aspiration No Aspiration
Dysphagia screen results Failed screen 45 20
Passed screen 5 30
Which THREE of the following statements about this dysphagia screening test are
true?
A.The screening test's sensitivity is 90%
B.The screening test's sensitivity is 69%
C.The screening test's specificity is 90%
D.The screening test's specificity is 60%
E.The number of false negatives was 5
F.The number of false negatives was 20
Correct Answer
Options (A), (D), and (E) are correct. The screening test's sensitivity is the proportion
of patients who aspirated and failed the screen (top cell in the first column) to the
total of all patients who aspirated on the VFSS (total of the first column); therefore,
45/50 = 0.9045 divided by 50, equals 0.90. The screening test's specificity is the
proportion of patients who did not aspirate and passed the screen (bottom cell in
the second column) to the total of all patients who did not aspirate on the VFSSV F
S S (total of second column); therefore, 30/50 = 0.6030 divided by 50, equals 0.60.
False negatives are patients who passed the screen who actually aspirated on the
VFSSV F S S (bottom cell of first column).
Page 3 of 189
, Question 5
Based on information from the oral sensorimotor and behavioral observation
assessments, which of the following plans for continuing with an oral-feeding trial is
most appropriate with the infant?
A. An oral-feeding trial should not be attempted until the infant's cleft lip is repaired.
B. An oral-feeding trial should not be attempted until a VFSSV F S S or FEESF E E S
instrumental examination is completed.
C. An oral-feeding trial should be postponed until the infant's airway is examined by a
physician.
D. An oral-feeding trial by the SLPS L P can proceed during this initial feeding and
swallowing assessment.
Correct Answer
Option (D) is correct. There is no evidence from the case review and oral
sensorimotor/behavioral observations to suggest a neurological abnormality,
respiratory disorder, or syndrome associated with feeding and swallowing disorders
in infants. In the absence of respiratory and neurological signs, an instrumental
evaluation or referral to a physician for a respiratory evaluation would not be
indicated prior to an oral-feeding trial at bedside. Many infants with an isolated cleft
lip are successful oral feeders prior to surgical repair of the cleft lip. All the evidence
presented in the case supports the SLPS L P proceeding with the oral-feeding trial
piece of the comprehensive feeding and swallowing assessment.
Question 6
To best apply the multiple oppositions method for phonological errors when treating
a child, an SLPS L P should use pairs of words such as
A. "son" and "ton," "fun" and "pun," and "zoo" and "do" to help discriminate stops
from fricatives
B. "torn" and "sore," "soup" and "two," and "fast" and "pat" to help produce final
consonants
C. "doe" and "go," "doe" and "though," and "doe and Joe" to address using /d/d, as in
the word dog for various sounds
D. "key" and "tea," "cone" and "tone," and "cap" and "tap" to address the use of velar
fronting
Correct Answer
Option (C) is correct. In multiple oppositions treatment, targets are selected that will
address all phonemes affected by a phoneme collapse, not just the target phoneme
and the phoneme produced in substitution.
Page 4 of 189
and Answers
Question 1
Oropharyngeal dysphagia in a child with Down syndrome is most likely caused by
which of the following factors?
A.Hypotonia
B.Digestive problems
C.Pneumonia
D.Aversive feeding behaviors
Correct Answer
Option (A) is correct. Hypotonia is the leading cause of swallowing disorders in
children with Down syndrome.
Question 2
n Bloom and Lahey's model, morphology is considered
A.form
B.content
C.use
D.semantics
Correct Answer
A- FORM
Page 1 of 189
,Question 3
Inhalation during respiration is primarily carried out through the movement of which
of the following muscles or muscle groups?
A.Diaphragm
B.Internal intercostals
C.External intercostals
D.Scalenes
Correct Answer
Option (A) is correct. The diaphragm is the muscle that creates the most volume in
the lungs.
Page 2 of 189
,Question 4
A study is conducted to determine how well a dysphagia screening test predicts
aspiration that is later confirmed with a videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSSV F S
S). The study results are presented in the table below.
VFSSV F S S Results
Aspiration No Aspiration
Dysphagia screen results Failed screen 45 20
Passed screen 5 30
Which THREE of the following statements about this dysphagia screening test are
true?
A.The screening test's sensitivity is 90%
B.The screening test's sensitivity is 69%
C.The screening test's specificity is 90%
D.The screening test's specificity is 60%
E.The number of false negatives was 5
F.The number of false negatives was 20
Correct Answer
Options (A), (D), and (E) are correct. The screening test's sensitivity is the proportion
of patients who aspirated and failed the screen (top cell in the first column) to the
total of all patients who aspirated on the VFSS (total of the first column); therefore,
45/50 = 0.9045 divided by 50, equals 0.90. The screening test's specificity is the
proportion of patients who did not aspirate and passed the screen (bottom cell in
the second column) to the total of all patients who did not aspirate on the VFSSV F
S S (total of second column); therefore, 30/50 = 0.6030 divided by 50, equals 0.60.
False negatives are patients who passed the screen who actually aspirated on the
VFSSV F S S (bottom cell of first column).
Page 3 of 189
, Question 5
Based on information from the oral sensorimotor and behavioral observation
assessments, which of the following plans for continuing with an oral-feeding trial is
most appropriate with the infant?
A. An oral-feeding trial should not be attempted until the infant's cleft lip is repaired.
B. An oral-feeding trial should not be attempted until a VFSSV F S S or FEESF E E S
instrumental examination is completed.
C. An oral-feeding trial should be postponed until the infant's airway is examined by a
physician.
D. An oral-feeding trial by the SLPS L P can proceed during this initial feeding and
swallowing assessment.
Correct Answer
Option (D) is correct. There is no evidence from the case review and oral
sensorimotor/behavioral observations to suggest a neurological abnormality,
respiratory disorder, or syndrome associated with feeding and swallowing disorders
in infants. In the absence of respiratory and neurological signs, an instrumental
evaluation or referral to a physician for a respiratory evaluation would not be
indicated prior to an oral-feeding trial at bedside. Many infants with an isolated cleft
lip are successful oral feeders prior to surgical repair of the cleft lip. All the evidence
presented in the case supports the SLPS L P proceeding with the oral-feeding trial
piece of the comprehensive feeding and swallowing assessment.
Question 6
To best apply the multiple oppositions method for phonological errors when treating
a child, an SLPS L P should use pairs of words such as
A. "son" and "ton," "fun" and "pun," and "zoo" and "do" to help discriminate stops
from fricatives
B. "torn" and "sore," "soup" and "two," and "fast" and "pat" to help produce final
consonants
C. "doe" and "go," "doe" and "though," and "doe and Joe" to address using /d/d, as in
the word dog for various sounds
D. "key" and "tea," "cone" and "tone," and "cap" and "tap" to address the use of velar
fronting
Correct Answer
Option (C) is correct. In multiple oppositions treatment, targets are selected that will
address all phonemes affected by a phoneme collapse, not just the target phoneme
and the phoneme produced in substitution.
Page 4 of 189
