HISTOLOGIE
LOCO
, Inhoudsopgave
1. Bindweefsel..............................................................................................................................4
1) Algemeen..............................................................................................................................4
2) Func琀椀es................................................................................................................................4
3) Samenstelling.......................................................................................................................4
a. Cellen.....................................................................................................................................................4
b. Vezels (ECM)...........................................................................................................................................5
c. Grondsubstan琀椀e (ECM)..........................................................................................................................7
4) Soorten.................................................................................................................................8
a. In engere zin...........................................................................................................................................8
b. Met speciale eigenschappen...............................................................................................................10
2. Vetweefsel..............................................................................................................................11
1) Algemeen............................................................................................................................11
2) Func琀椀es..............................................................................................................................11
3) Soorten...............................................................................................................................11
a. Univacuolair vetweefsel.......................................................................................................................11
b. Plurivacuolair / bruin vetweefsel.........................................................................................................13
4) Medische toepassing..........................................................................................................14
a. Univacuolair vetweefsel.......................................................................................................................14
b. Plurivaculoair vetweefsel.....................................................................................................................14
3. Kraakbeen..............................................................................................................................15
1) Algemeen............................................................................................................................15
a. Eigenschappen.....................................................................................................................................15
b. A昀戀raak / aanmaak...............................................................................................................................15
c. Voor- en nadelen..................................................................................................................................15
2) Func琀椀es..............................................................................................................................15
3) Samenstelling......................................................................................................................16
a. Cellen...................................................................................................................................................16
b. Kraakbeenmatrix/-tussenstof..............................................................................................................16
4) Soorten...............................................................................................................................16
a. Hyalien kraakbeen................................................................................................................................16
b. Elas琀椀sch kraakbeen..............................................................................................................................19
c. Vezelig kraakbeen / Fibrocar琀椀llago......................................................................................................20
5) Medische toepassingen.......................................................................................................20
a. Osteoarthrose / osteoarthri琀椀s.............................................................................................................20
b. Exostose / osteochondroom (benigne)................................................................................................20
c. Chondrosarcoom (maligne).................................................................................................................20
1
,4. Botweefsel..............................................................................................................................21
1) Algemeen............................................................................................................................21
a. Eigenschappen.....................................................................................................................................21
b. Inhoud..................................................................................................................................................21
2) Func琀椀es..............................................................................................................................21
3) Samenstelling......................................................................................................................21
a. Bot- of beenmatrix...............................................................................................................................21
b. Cellen...................................................................................................................................................22
c. Periosteum / periost & endosteum / endost.......................................................................................24
4) Soorten botweefsel.............................................................................................................25
a. Compact / Cor琀椀caal bot.......................................................................................................................25
b. Spongieus / Trabeculair bot.................................................................................................................26
5) Soorten botorganisa琀椀e.......................................................................................................27
a. Geweven / Plexiform / Primair bot......................................................................................................27
b. Lamellair / Matuur / Secundair bot.....................................................................................................27
6) Soorten beenderen.............................................................................................................28
a. Lange pijpbeenderen...........................................................................................................................28
b. Korte beenderen..................................................................................................................................28
c. Pla琀琀e beenderen..................................................................................................................................28
7) Osteogenese of botgroei.....................................................................................................28
a. Endesmale / intramembraneuze / direc琀椀e ossi昀椀ca琀椀e.........................................................................28
b. Enchondrale / indirecte ossi昀椀ca琀椀e.......................................................................................................29
c. Apposi琀椀onele groei..............................................................................................................................30
8) Botremodellering................................................................................................................30
a. Algemeen.............................................................................................................................................30
b. Cor琀椀caal / compact bot.......................................................................................................................31
9) Gewrichten.........................................................................................................................31
a. Synarthrose (weinig beweeglijkheid)...................................................................................................31
b. Diarthrose (veel beweeglijkheid).........................................................................................................31
c. Gewrichtskraakbeen............................................................................................................................32
d. Tussenwervelschijf / Discus intervertebralis........................................................................................32
10) Medische toepassingen..................................................................................................33
a. Osteobalsten........................................................................................................................................33
b. Osteoclasten........................................................................................................................................33
c. Botremodellering.................................................................................................................................33
5. Spierweefsel...........................................................................................................................34
1) Algemeen............................................................................................................................34
2) Samenstelling......................................................................................................................34
3) Soorten...............................................................................................................................35
a. Skeletspierweefsel...............................................................................................................................35
b. Glad spierweefsel.................................................................................................................................39
4) Medische toepassingen.......................................................................................................39
a. Skelespierweefsel.................................................................................................................................39
2
, 6. Huid........................................................................................................................................40
0) Inleiding..............................................................................................................................40
a. Basisstructuur......................................................................................................................................40
b. Embryologie.........................................................................................................................................41
1) Epidermis............................................................................................................................41
a. Algemeen.............................................................................................................................................41
a. Stratum basale / Germina琀椀vum (Basale cellaag).................................................................................42
b. Stratum spinosum (Stekellaag)............................................................................................................43
c. Stratum granulosum (Granulaire laag)................................................................................................44
(Stratum lucidum)..........................................................................................................................................44
d. Stratum corneum (Buitenste hoornlaag).............................................................................................45
a. Kera琀椀nocyten.......................................................................................................................................47
b. Melanoycten........................................................................................................................................47
c. Langerhanscellen.................................................................................................................................48
d. Merkel cellen........................................................................................................................................48
2) Dermis................................................................................................................................49
a. Algemeen.............................................................................................................................................49
b. Lagen....................................................................................................................................................49
c. Vascularisa琀椀e huid...............................................................................................................................50
d. Gevoelsreceptoren huid.......................................................................................................................51
3) Subcu琀椀s / Hypodermis........................................................................................................52
a. Voorkomen...........................................................................................................................................52
b. Opbouw................................................................................................................................................52
4) Cutane adnexstructuren......................................................................................................52
a. Haar = Pilosebaceuze eenheid = Haarfollikel en sebumklieren...........................................................52
b. Eccriene zweetklier..............................................................................................................................57
c. ‘Apocriene’ ‘zweet’klier.......................................................................................................................58
5) Medische toepassingen.......................................................................................................59
a. Epidermis.............................................................................................................................................59
b. Epidermis: stratum spinosum..............................................................................................................59
c. Epidermis: stratum corneum...............................................................................................................59
d. Dermis..................................................................................................................................................59
e. Melanocyten........................................................................................................................................59
3
LOCO
, Inhoudsopgave
1. Bindweefsel..............................................................................................................................4
1) Algemeen..............................................................................................................................4
2) Func琀椀es................................................................................................................................4
3) Samenstelling.......................................................................................................................4
a. Cellen.....................................................................................................................................................4
b. Vezels (ECM)...........................................................................................................................................5
c. Grondsubstan琀椀e (ECM)..........................................................................................................................7
4) Soorten.................................................................................................................................8
a. In engere zin...........................................................................................................................................8
b. Met speciale eigenschappen...............................................................................................................10
2. Vetweefsel..............................................................................................................................11
1) Algemeen............................................................................................................................11
2) Func琀椀es..............................................................................................................................11
3) Soorten...............................................................................................................................11
a. Univacuolair vetweefsel.......................................................................................................................11
b. Plurivacuolair / bruin vetweefsel.........................................................................................................13
4) Medische toepassing..........................................................................................................14
a. Univacuolair vetweefsel.......................................................................................................................14
b. Plurivaculoair vetweefsel.....................................................................................................................14
3. Kraakbeen..............................................................................................................................15
1) Algemeen............................................................................................................................15
a. Eigenschappen.....................................................................................................................................15
b. A昀戀raak / aanmaak...............................................................................................................................15
c. Voor- en nadelen..................................................................................................................................15
2) Func琀椀es..............................................................................................................................15
3) Samenstelling......................................................................................................................16
a. Cellen...................................................................................................................................................16
b. Kraakbeenmatrix/-tussenstof..............................................................................................................16
4) Soorten...............................................................................................................................16
a. Hyalien kraakbeen................................................................................................................................16
b. Elas琀椀sch kraakbeen..............................................................................................................................19
c. Vezelig kraakbeen / Fibrocar琀椀llago......................................................................................................20
5) Medische toepassingen.......................................................................................................20
a. Osteoarthrose / osteoarthri琀椀s.............................................................................................................20
b. Exostose / osteochondroom (benigne)................................................................................................20
c. Chondrosarcoom (maligne).................................................................................................................20
1
,4. Botweefsel..............................................................................................................................21
1) Algemeen............................................................................................................................21
a. Eigenschappen.....................................................................................................................................21
b. Inhoud..................................................................................................................................................21
2) Func琀椀es..............................................................................................................................21
3) Samenstelling......................................................................................................................21
a. Bot- of beenmatrix...............................................................................................................................21
b. Cellen...................................................................................................................................................22
c. Periosteum / periost & endosteum / endost.......................................................................................24
4) Soorten botweefsel.............................................................................................................25
a. Compact / Cor琀椀caal bot.......................................................................................................................25
b. Spongieus / Trabeculair bot.................................................................................................................26
5) Soorten botorganisa琀椀e.......................................................................................................27
a. Geweven / Plexiform / Primair bot......................................................................................................27
b. Lamellair / Matuur / Secundair bot.....................................................................................................27
6) Soorten beenderen.............................................................................................................28
a. Lange pijpbeenderen...........................................................................................................................28
b. Korte beenderen..................................................................................................................................28
c. Pla琀琀e beenderen..................................................................................................................................28
7) Osteogenese of botgroei.....................................................................................................28
a. Endesmale / intramembraneuze / direc琀椀e ossi昀椀ca琀椀e.........................................................................28
b. Enchondrale / indirecte ossi昀椀ca琀椀e.......................................................................................................29
c. Apposi琀椀onele groei..............................................................................................................................30
8) Botremodellering................................................................................................................30
a. Algemeen.............................................................................................................................................30
b. Cor琀椀caal / compact bot.......................................................................................................................31
9) Gewrichten.........................................................................................................................31
a. Synarthrose (weinig beweeglijkheid)...................................................................................................31
b. Diarthrose (veel beweeglijkheid).........................................................................................................31
c. Gewrichtskraakbeen............................................................................................................................32
d. Tussenwervelschijf / Discus intervertebralis........................................................................................32
10) Medische toepassingen..................................................................................................33
a. Osteobalsten........................................................................................................................................33
b. Osteoclasten........................................................................................................................................33
c. Botremodellering.................................................................................................................................33
5. Spierweefsel...........................................................................................................................34
1) Algemeen............................................................................................................................34
2) Samenstelling......................................................................................................................34
3) Soorten...............................................................................................................................35
a. Skeletspierweefsel...............................................................................................................................35
b. Glad spierweefsel.................................................................................................................................39
4) Medische toepassingen.......................................................................................................39
a. Skelespierweefsel.................................................................................................................................39
2
, 6. Huid........................................................................................................................................40
0) Inleiding..............................................................................................................................40
a. Basisstructuur......................................................................................................................................40
b. Embryologie.........................................................................................................................................41
1) Epidermis............................................................................................................................41
a. Algemeen.............................................................................................................................................41
a. Stratum basale / Germina琀椀vum (Basale cellaag).................................................................................42
b. Stratum spinosum (Stekellaag)............................................................................................................43
c. Stratum granulosum (Granulaire laag)................................................................................................44
(Stratum lucidum)..........................................................................................................................................44
d. Stratum corneum (Buitenste hoornlaag).............................................................................................45
a. Kera琀椀nocyten.......................................................................................................................................47
b. Melanoycten........................................................................................................................................47
c. Langerhanscellen.................................................................................................................................48
d. Merkel cellen........................................................................................................................................48
2) Dermis................................................................................................................................49
a. Algemeen.............................................................................................................................................49
b. Lagen....................................................................................................................................................49
c. Vascularisa琀椀e huid...............................................................................................................................50
d. Gevoelsreceptoren huid.......................................................................................................................51
3) Subcu琀椀s / Hypodermis........................................................................................................52
a. Voorkomen...........................................................................................................................................52
b. Opbouw................................................................................................................................................52
4) Cutane adnexstructuren......................................................................................................52
a. Haar = Pilosebaceuze eenheid = Haarfollikel en sebumklieren...........................................................52
b. Eccriene zweetklier..............................................................................................................................57
c. ‘Apocriene’ ‘zweet’klier.......................................................................................................................58
5) Medische toepassingen.......................................................................................................59
a. Epidermis.............................................................................................................................................59
b. Epidermis: stratum spinosum..............................................................................................................59
c. Epidermis: stratum corneum...............................................................................................................59
d. Dermis..................................................................................................................................................59
e. Melanocyten........................................................................................................................................59
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