NURS 252 Final Exam Questions with
Actual Answers 2026-2027 Updated.
three D's of cognitive impairment - Answer -dementia
-delirium
-depression
delirium - Answer acute confusional state; can have delirium on top of dementia; caused by
disease process outside the brain
predisposing factors for delirium (increase the risk for) - Answer -underlying cognitive
impairment
-functional impairment
-depression
-acute illness
-sensory impairment
precipitating factors for delirium - Answer -medications
-procedures
-restraints
-iatrogenic events
-sleep deprivation
-bladder catheter
-pain
-environmental factors
besides identifying risk factors, what else needs to be done to prevent delirium? - Answer a
thorough baseline assessment (a complete neuro exam)
clinical subtypes of delirium - Answer hyperactive: pulling stuff out, hallucinations
hypoactive: very pleasantly confused
mixed: more hypoactive during the day and hyperactive at night
assessment for delirium - Answer -mini mental state examination
-confusion assessment method (CAM)
, - NEECHAM confusion scale
interventions for delirium - Answer -prevention
-managing risk factors
-HELP program (hospital elder life program)
-pharmacological treatment (after non-pharmacological interventions aren't working
HELP (hospital elder life program) - Answer looks at 6 risk factors for delirium
-cognitive impairment, sleep changes, immobility, visual and hearing impairment, and
dehydration
goals for clients with mild and major NCD - Answer -maintain stability and function
-compensate for losses associated with dx
-maintain quality of life
-want to nurture the personhood of the client
five common care concerns for client with major NCD - Answer -communication
-behavior concerns
-ADL care
-wandering
-nutrition
communication - Answer to communicate effectively, must believe the person with major
NCD is trying to communicate something important
behavior concerns for patients with NCD - Answer -symptoms can be very atypical
-assessment: need to understand what is triggering the behavior and what is the meaning of the
behavior
-interventions: pharmacological interventions only after cause of behavior has been identified
and non-pharm include prevention, symptom relief and decreasing caregiver stress
ADL care for patients with NCD - Answer -may respond to bathing by striking caregiver
-assessment and interventions: bathing without a battle and background music
wandering for patient's with NCD - Answer -difficult to manage; disrupting other patients,
getting lost, falling
Actual Answers 2026-2027 Updated.
three D's of cognitive impairment - Answer -dementia
-delirium
-depression
delirium - Answer acute confusional state; can have delirium on top of dementia; caused by
disease process outside the brain
predisposing factors for delirium (increase the risk for) - Answer -underlying cognitive
impairment
-functional impairment
-depression
-acute illness
-sensory impairment
precipitating factors for delirium - Answer -medications
-procedures
-restraints
-iatrogenic events
-sleep deprivation
-bladder catheter
-pain
-environmental factors
besides identifying risk factors, what else needs to be done to prevent delirium? - Answer a
thorough baseline assessment (a complete neuro exam)
clinical subtypes of delirium - Answer hyperactive: pulling stuff out, hallucinations
hypoactive: very pleasantly confused
mixed: more hypoactive during the day and hyperactive at night
assessment for delirium - Answer -mini mental state examination
-confusion assessment method (CAM)
, - NEECHAM confusion scale
interventions for delirium - Answer -prevention
-managing risk factors
-HELP program (hospital elder life program)
-pharmacological treatment (after non-pharmacological interventions aren't working
HELP (hospital elder life program) - Answer looks at 6 risk factors for delirium
-cognitive impairment, sleep changes, immobility, visual and hearing impairment, and
dehydration
goals for clients with mild and major NCD - Answer -maintain stability and function
-compensate for losses associated with dx
-maintain quality of life
-want to nurture the personhood of the client
five common care concerns for client with major NCD - Answer -communication
-behavior concerns
-ADL care
-wandering
-nutrition
communication - Answer to communicate effectively, must believe the person with major
NCD is trying to communicate something important
behavior concerns for patients with NCD - Answer -symptoms can be very atypical
-assessment: need to understand what is triggering the behavior and what is the meaning of the
behavior
-interventions: pharmacological interventions only after cause of behavior has been identified
and non-pharm include prevention, symptom relief and decreasing caregiver stress
ADL care for patients with NCD - Answer -may respond to bathing by striking caregiver
-assessment and interventions: bathing without a battle and background music
wandering for patient's with NCD - Answer -difficult to manage; disrupting other patients,
getting lost, falling
