EEB 184: Exam #2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fkp5kn
1. Proximal-Distal (pic)
Anterior-Posterior
Dorsal-Ventral
2. 3 Segments of Adult -Stylopod
Limb -Zeugopod (forearm)
-Autopod (hand/foot)
3. Hox Genes in Limb -Used in patterning body axis (influences where)
Development -forelimb development & hindlimb development
-controls limb PLACEMENT along body axis
4. How would you ex- -Little/no limb outgrowth
pect forelimb out- -FLANKS repressing eachother
growth to be impact- -becomes snake (python)
ed by shift in Hox
genes (Mutant)?
(W.T. - aligned &
shifted Hox gene ex-
pression (FLANK))
(Mutant - aligned &
parallel Hox gene ex-
pression (FLANK))
5. Limb Induction combination of Hox genes working to make a limb
6. Limb Outgrowth: Fgf10 (fibroblast growth factor
Cells SHH (sonic hedgehog)
, EEB 184: Exam #2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fkp5kn
Fgf4 + Fgf8
Fgf8: becomes AER
7. Limb Development: (pic)
Zones
8. AER -drives cell proliferation & regulates limb outgrowth
-essential to limb growth
9. What would you ex- -Autopod & Zeugopod would NOT form but stylopod
pect to happen if -Stylopod still forms since hard to remove ERD in time
AER was removed (see it = too late)
before outgrowth be-
gan?
10. AER & ZPA -interact to regulate limb outgrowth & patterning
-ZPA secrets SHH protein
11. Assume you had 2nd Limb structures would be repeated in mirror-like pat-
ZPA to anterior side tern
of limb. What phe-
notype would you
expect in resulting
chick limb?
12. In mouse #1, Shh -Embryo would display deformations EVERYWHERE
knocked out dur- in many organ systems, including limb
ing limb develop- -since mutation in all cells - not just in limb develop-
ment. What would ment!
happen if a mutation
was instead intro-
duced into the pro-
, EEB 184: Exam #2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fkp5kn
tein-coding region of
Shh?
13. Earlier Shh was re- fewer
moved = _?_ digits
formed
14. Limb Development: -keeps limb growing out
Shh -big role in proliferation & determining # of digits &
patterning
15. Shh & Cell Death -Shh not present = cell death inc.
Correlation -Shh present = cell death dec.
16. Interdigital tissue re- BMP: cell death to rid of webbed fingers
gression
17. 4 Mechanisms of Heterotopy
Evo-Devo Heterochrony
Heterotypy
Heterometry
18. Heterotopy change in location
-ex) duck/bat/dolphin/whales flippers
-duck: gremlin repress BMP
-bat/dolphin/whale: gremlin&FGFs represses BMP
-change in location: gremlin/FGFs
-ducks = only gremlin!
19. Heterochrony change in time
-ex)whale limb development, FGF (in AER) normally
shuts off, but staying on = longer philanges (change
in timing)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fkp5kn
1. Proximal-Distal (pic)
Anterior-Posterior
Dorsal-Ventral
2. 3 Segments of Adult -Stylopod
Limb -Zeugopod (forearm)
-Autopod (hand/foot)
3. Hox Genes in Limb -Used in patterning body axis (influences where)
Development -forelimb development & hindlimb development
-controls limb PLACEMENT along body axis
4. How would you ex- -Little/no limb outgrowth
pect forelimb out- -FLANKS repressing eachother
growth to be impact- -becomes snake (python)
ed by shift in Hox
genes (Mutant)?
(W.T. - aligned &
shifted Hox gene ex-
pression (FLANK))
(Mutant - aligned &
parallel Hox gene ex-
pression (FLANK))
5. Limb Induction combination of Hox genes working to make a limb
6. Limb Outgrowth: Fgf10 (fibroblast growth factor
Cells SHH (sonic hedgehog)
, EEB 184: Exam #2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fkp5kn
Fgf4 + Fgf8
Fgf8: becomes AER
7. Limb Development: (pic)
Zones
8. AER -drives cell proliferation & regulates limb outgrowth
-essential to limb growth
9. What would you ex- -Autopod & Zeugopod would NOT form but stylopod
pect to happen if -Stylopod still forms since hard to remove ERD in time
AER was removed (see it = too late)
before outgrowth be-
gan?
10. AER & ZPA -interact to regulate limb outgrowth & patterning
-ZPA secrets SHH protein
11. Assume you had 2nd Limb structures would be repeated in mirror-like pat-
ZPA to anterior side tern
of limb. What phe-
notype would you
expect in resulting
chick limb?
12. In mouse #1, Shh -Embryo would display deformations EVERYWHERE
knocked out dur- in many organ systems, including limb
ing limb develop- -since mutation in all cells - not just in limb develop-
ment. What would ment!
happen if a mutation
was instead intro-
duced into the pro-
, EEB 184: Exam #2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fkp5kn
tein-coding region of
Shh?
13. Earlier Shh was re- fewer
moved = _?_ digits
formed
14. Limb Development: -keeps limb growing out
Shh -big role in proliferation & determining # of digits &
patterning
15. Shh & Cell Death -Shh not present = cell death inc.
Correlation -Shh present = cell death dec.
16. Interdigital tissue re- BMP: cell death to rid of webbed fingers
gression
17. 4 Mechanisms of Heterotopy
Evo-Devo Heterochrony
Heterotypy
Heterometry
18. Heterotopy change in location
-ex) duck/bat/dolphin/whales flippers
-duck: gremlin repress BMP
-bat/dolphin/whale: gremlin&FGFs represses BMP
-change in location: gremlin/FGFs
-ducks = only gremlin!
19. Heterochrony change in time
-ex)whale limb development, FGF (in AER) normally
shuts off, but staying on = longer philanges (change
in timing)
