GENETICS MODULE STUDY GUIDE 2026
COMPREHENSIVE ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED
◉ Protein. Answer: Functional unit made of polypeptides.
◉ Enzyme. Answer: A protein that functions to accelerate chemical
reactions within the cell.
◉ cDNA. Answer: a synthetic single- or double-stranded DNA
synthesized from a mature mRNA template using reverse
transcriptase.
◉ DNA. Answer: Double-stranded structure of nucleotide bases:
adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine.
◉ mRNA. Answer: A single-stranded molecule of RNA that
corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene and is read by a
ribosome for protein synthesis.
◉ polypeptide. Answer: A linear sequence of amino acids that is the
product of mRNA translation. It can fold and associate with others to
form a functional protein.
, ◉ Amino Acid. Answer: A building block of polypeptides and
proteins; it contains an amino group, a carboxyl chain, and a side
chain.
◉ Gene Expression. Answer: The process by which the information
within a gene is first accessed to synthesize RNA and polypeptides
affects the phenotype of the organism.
◉ Apoptosis. Answer: Programmed cell death.
◉ Adaptive Radiation. Answer: The divergence of a single group or
species into a series of distinct, but related, groups or species.
◉ Genotype. Answer: Genetic information
◉ Phenotype. Answer: Expressed traits
◉ Messenger RNA (mRNA). Answer: Type of RNA that is transcribed
from a protein-encoding gene; contains information for the
synthesis of a polypeptide.
◉ Translation. Answer: The process where the sequence of codons
within mRNA provides the information to make the sequence of
amino acids that make up a polypeptide.
COMPREHENSIVE ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED
◉ Protein. Answer: Functional unit made of polypeptides.
◉ Enzyme. Answer: A protein that functions to accelerate chemical
reactions within the cell.
◉ cDNA. Answer: a synthetic single- or double-stranded DNA
synthesized from a mature mRNA template using reverse
transcriptase.
◉ DNA. Answer: Double-stranded structure of nucleotide bases:
adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine.
◉ mRNA. Answer: A single-stranded molecule of RNA that
corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene and is read by a
ribosome for protein synthesis.
◉ polypeptide. Answer: A linear sequence of amino acids that is the
product of mRNA translation. It can fold and associate with others to
form a functional protein.
, ◉ Amino Acid. Answer: A building block of polypeptides and
proteins; it contains an amino group, a carboxyl chain, and a side
chain.
◉ Gene Expression. Answer: The process by which the information
within a gene is first accessed to synthesize RNA and polypeptides
affects the phenotype of the organism.
◉ Apoptosis. Answer: Programmed cell death.
◉ Adaptive Radiation. Answer: The divergence of a single group or
species into a series of distinct, but related, groups or species.
◉ Genotype. Answer: Genetic information
◉ Phenotype. Answer: Expressed traits
◉ Messenger RNA (mRNA). Answer: Type of RNA that is transcribed
from a protein-encoding gene; contains information for the
synthesis of a polypeptide.
◉ Translation. Answer: The process where the sequence of codons
within mRNA provides the information to make the sequence of
amino acids that make up a polypeptide.
