NURSING D443 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
Mrs. Cousins is an 86-year-old woman who comes to the ambulatory clinic for a routine
health assessment. On examination, which cardiac assessment finding would you
expect?
The presence of an S4
The presence of an S3
A diastolic murmur
A displaced apical impulse - Answers - The presence of an S4
The presence of an S4 would be an expected finding when performing a cardiac
assessment on this 86-year-old patient, as this extra heart sound often occurs in older
people who have no known cardiac disease. The S3 sound is associated with heart
failure and is always considered abnormal in patients over the age of 35. Systolic, not
diastolic, murmurs are common in over 50% of aging adults. The apical impulse can be
more difficult to palpate due to an increased anteroposterior diameter of the chest;
however, the apical impulse is not displaced.
Which blood sugar levels would you be concerned about when assessing a patient for
CAD risk? (Select all that apply.)
138 mg/dL
126 mg/dL
111 mg/dL
102 mg/dL - Answers - 138 mg/dL
126 mg/dL
111 mg/dL
102 mg/dL
,Blood sugar levels above 100 mg/dL are considered risk factors for coronary artery
disease (CAD). Other risk factors include elevated cholesterol, elevated blood pressure,
known diabetes mellitus, obesity, cigarette smoking, and low activity level.
Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart?
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins
Mediastinal arteries
Pericardial veins - Answers - Pulmonary arteries
The pulmonary artery leaves the right ventricle and bifurcates into the right and left
branches, which carry the deoxygenated venous blood to the lungs. The pulmonary
veins carry the oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
Mediastinal arteries are not associated with carrying the deoxygenated blood away from
the heart. Pericardial veins are located in the pericardium and drain into either the
brachiocephalic veins or the superior vena cava.
The leaflets of the tricuspid and mitral valves are anchored by __________________ to
the _________________, which are embedded in the ventricular floor.
Group of answer choices
Endocardial ligaments; mediastinal muscles
AV tendon of Todaro; pericardial bundles
Chordae tendineae; papillary muscles
Pericardial cords; ventricular sheaths - Answers - Chordae tendineae; papillary muscles
The leaflets of the tricuspid and mitral valves are anchored by chordae tendineae to the
papillary muscles, which are embedded in the ventricular floor. There are no
endocardial ligaments, and the muscles in the mediastinum do not have an effect on the
atrioventricular (AV) valves. The tendon of Todaro does not anchor the valves, and
there are no pericardial bundles. Neither are there pericardial cords or ventricular
sheaths.
Which structures of the heart are not separated by valves?
Group of answer choices
The left ventricle and the aorta
The left atrium and the left ventricle
, The right atrium and the vena cava
The right ventricle and the pulmonary artery - Answers - The right atrium and the vena
cava
There are no valves between the right atrium and the vena cava. Also, there are no
valves between the pulmonary veins and the left atrium. The aortic valve separates the
left ventricle from the aorta, and the mitral valve separates the left atrium from the left
ventricle. The pulmonic valve lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
During ventricular diastole, which activity takes place?
Group of answer choices
Blood is ejected from the ventricles.
Blood is emptied into the atria.
Blood pours rapidly into the ventricles.
Blood travels from the atria to the pulmonary circulation. - Answers - Blood pours rapidly
into the ventricles.
During ventricular diastole, the ventricles relax and blood pours rapidly into them. Blood
is ejected from the ventricles during systole, not diastole. Blood empties from the atria
into the ventricles during diastole. Blood travels from the atria to the ventricles during
diastole; it is during systole that the blood is sent from the right ventricle, not the atrium,
through the pulmonary arteries into the pulmonary circulation.
Which is a characteristic of the circulation during isometric or isovolumic relaxation of
the ventricles?
Group of answer choices
All four valves are closed.
Pulmonary circulation occurs.
The atria and ventricles fill with blood simultaneously.
The volume of blood on the right side is equal to the volume of blood on the left side. -
Answers - All four valves are closed.
During isometric or isovolumic relaxation of the ventricles, all four heart valves are
closed for a very brief moment. Pulmonary circulation occurs during systole, which is
also known as isometric contraction. The atria and ventricles do not fill with blood
Mrs. Cousins is an 86-year-old woman who comes to the ambulatory clinic for a routine
health assessment. On examination, which cardiac assessment finding would you
expect?
The presence of an S4
The presence of an S3
A diastolic murmur
A displaced apical impulse - Answers - The presence of an S4
The presence of an S4 would be an expected finding when performing a cardiac
assessment on this 86-year-old patient, as this extra heart sound often occurs in older
people who have no known cardiac disease. The S3 sound is associated with heart
failure and is always considered abnormal in patients over the age of 35. Systolic, not
diastolic, murmurs are common in over 50% of aging adults. The apical impulse can be
more difficult to palpate due to an increased anteroposterior diameter of the chest;
however, the apical impulse is not displaced.
Which blood sugar levels would you be concerned about when assessing a patient for
CAD risk? (Select all that apply.)
138 mg/dL
126 mg/dL
111 mg/dL
102 mg/dL - Answers - 138 mg/dL
126 mg/dL
111 mg/dL
102 mg/dL
,Blood sugar levels above 100 mg/dL are considered risk factors for coronary artery
disease (CAD). Other risk factors include elevated cholesterol, elevated blood pressure,
known diabetes mellitus, obesity, cigarette smoking, and low activity level.
Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart?
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins
Mediastinal arteries
Pericardial veins - Answers - Pulmonary arteries
The pulmonary artery leaves the right ventricle and bifurcates into the right and left
branches, which carry the deoxygenated venous blood to the lungs. The pulmonary
veins carry the oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
Mediastinal arteries are not associated with carrying the deoxygenated blood away from
the heart. Pericardial veins are located in the pericardium and drain into either the
brachiocephalic veins or the superior vena cava.
The leaflets of the tricuspid and mitral valves are anchored by __________________ to
the _________________, which are embedded in the ventricular floor.
Group of answer choices
Endocardial ligaments; mediastinal muscles
AV tendon of Todaro; pericardial bundles
Chordae tendineae; papillary muscles
Pericardial cords; ventricular sheaths - Answers - Chordae tendineae; papillary muscles
The leaflets of the tricuspid and mitral valves are anchored by chordae tendineae to the
papillary muscles, which are embedded in the ventricular floor. There are no
endocardial ligaments, and the muscles in the mediastinum do not have an effect on the
atrioventricular (AV) valves. The tendon of Todaro does not anchor the valves, and
there are no pericardial bundles. Neither are there pericardial cords or ventricular
sheaths.
Which structures of the heart are not separated by valves?
Group of answer choices
The left ventricle and the aorta
The left atrium and the left ventricle
, The right atrium and the vena cava
The right ventricle and the pulmonary artery - Answers - The right atrium and the vena
cava
There are no valves between the right atrium and the vena cava. Also, there are no
valves between the pulmonary veins and the left atrium. The aortic valve separates the
left ventricle from the aorta, and the mitral valve separates the left atrium from the left
ventricle. The pulmonic valve lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
During ventricular diastole, which activity takes place?
Group of answer choices
Blood is ejected from the ventricles.
Blood is emptied into the atria.
Blood pours rapidly into the ventricles.
Blood travels from the atria to the pulmonary circulation. - Answers - Blood pours rapidly
into the ventricles.
During ventricular diastole, the ventricles relax and blood pours rapidly into them. Blood
is ejected from the ventricles during systole, not diastole. Blood empties from the atria
into the ventricles during diastole. Blood travels from the atria to the ventricles during
diastole; it is during systole that the blood is sent from the right ventricle, not the atrium,
through the pulmonary arteries into the pulmonary circulation.
Which is a characteristic of the circulation during isometric or isovolumic relaxation of
the ventricles?
Group of answer choices
All four valves are closed.
Pulmonary circulation occurs.
The atria and ventricles fill with blood simultaneously.
The volume of blood on the right side is equal to the volume of blood on the left side. -
Answers - All four valves are closed.
During isometric or isovolumic relaxation of the ventricles, all four heart valves are
closed for a very brief moment. Pulmonary circulation occurs during systole, which is
also known as isometric contraction. The atria and ventricles do not fill with blood
