EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY- KINES 314 -
UNIT 1 EXAM QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS
3 ways that H+ screws up muscle contractions - Correct Answers -1- H+ blocks the
Ca2+ release from SR
2- Ca2+ cant get to troponin (too crowded with H+)
3- decreased XB binding
how does the buildup of ADP and Pi decrease contractions - Correct Answers -Pi build
up slows XB cycle
Pi puts muscle in a bound state so there is no work
(Basically the Pi and ADP dont leave after being used up as ATP so it clogs up the XB
area)
How does endurance training change utilization of Carbs? - Correct Answers -1- more
glycogen storage
2- rely on blood glucose a lot less
3- more glucose longer into into your workout
How does endurance training change utilization of fats? - Correct Answers -1- more
lypolysis
2- more FFA to muscle
3- more FFA to mitochondria
4- more beta oxidation enzyme (more citrase inhibits PFK)
how does exercise intensity effect how catecholamines and insulin/glucagon interact -
Correct Answers -more intensity increases Epi and NE levels this decreases insulin and
increases glucagon
Two anaerobic ways of making ATP. Where do they take place? - Correct Answers -
glycolysis and phosphocreatine
they occur in the cytosol of the mitochondria
Understand the role of the PC reaction and how CK is regulated - Correct Answers --
rate limiting enzyme in the PC reaction
-activated by increased ADP levels, and decreased ATP levels
PC stores last for 10 seconds ish
Takes 2-3 min to restore the levels
, Adaptations that increase fat usage and promote glucose sparing - Correct Answers -1-
increased use of fat for fuel
- crossover: increased % energy used from fat and less from carbs
2- Increased ATP production
-less lactate made and more clearing out of nasty stuff
Adaptations that increase oxidative capacity - Correct Answers -you make more
mitochondria
-PGC1alpha- master regulator of mito
More ATP being made
What is a motor unit? - Correct Answers -a single motor neuron and all the muscle
fibers it innervates
how are fiber types distributed? - Correct Answers -between motor units
underlying mechanisms of contractile speed - Correct Answers -determined by XB cycle
rate and rate that myosin hydrolyzes atp
underlying mechanisms of twitch speed - Correct Answers -driven by different isoforms
related to Ca2+ release and reuptake in the SR
3 different fiber types - Correct Answers -type 1- low force, mostly slow oxidative, less
ATPase and high oxidation
type 2a- medium force, use glycolysis, more ATPase and low/mid oxidation
type 2x- high force, use glycolysis, most ATPase and low oxidation
Role of insulin in glucose homeostasis - Correct Answers -increase in glucose=
increase in insulin (more glucose uptake)
Role of glucagon in glucose homeostasis - Correct Answers -decrease in glucose=
increase in glucagon
glycogen from liver keeps glucose at normal levels
FFA go to plasma to spare glucose
what do catecholamines do to insulin and glucagon in glucose homeostasis - Correct
Answers -both catecholamines help with FFA mobilization
Interferes with uptake of glucose
They:
decrease secretion and action of insulin
increase glucagon release
Increase glucose
Inhibits how insulin does its job
How is CK regulated? - Correct Answers -when you have more ADP creatine kinase
activity increases. When you have more ATP you dont need CK to work
UNIT 1 EXAM QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS
3 ways that H+ screws up muscle contractions - Correct Answers -1- H+ blocks the
Ca2+ release from SR
2- Ca2+ cant get to troponin (too crowded with H+)
3- decreased XB binding
how does the buildup of ADP and Pi decrease contractions - Correct Answers -Pi build
up slows XB cycle
Pi puts muscle in a bound state so there is no work
(Basically the Pi and ADP dont leave after being used up as ATP so it clogs up the XB
area)
How does endurance training change utilization of Carbs? - Correct Answers -1- more
glycogen storage
2- rely on blood glucose a lot less
3- more glucose longer into into your workout
How does endurance training change utilization of fats? - Correct Answers -1- more
lypolysis
2- more FFA to muscle
3- more FFA to mitochondria
4- more beta oxidation enzyme (more citrase inhibits PFK)
how does exercise intensity effect how catecholamines and insulin/glucagon interact -
Correct Answers -more intensity increases Epi and NE levels this decreases insulin and
increases glucagon
Two anaerobic ways of making ATP. Where do they take place? - Correct Answers -
glycolysis and phosphocreatine
they occur in the cytosol of the mitochondria
Understand the role of the PC reaction and how CK is regulated - Correct Answers --
rate limiting enzyme in the PC reaction
-activated by increased ADP levels, and decreased ATP levels
PC stores last for 10 seconds ish
Takes 2-3 min to restore the levels
, Adaptations that increase fat usage and promote glucose sparing - Correct Answers -1-
increased use of fat for fuel
- crossover: increased % energy used from fat and less from carbs
2- Increased ATP production
-less lactate made and more clearing out of nasty stuff
Adaptations that increase oxidative capacity - Correct Answers -you make more
mitochondria
-PGC1alpha- master regulator of mito
More ATP being made
What is a motor unit? - Correct Answers -a single motor neuron and all the muscle
fibers it innervates
how are fiber types distributed? - Correct Answers -between motor units
underlying mechanisms of contractile speed - Correct Answers -determined by XB cycle
rate and rate that myosin hydrolyzes atp
underlying mechanisms of twitch speed - Correct Answers -driven by different isoforms
related to Ca2+ release and reuptake in the SR
3 different fiber types - Correct Answers -type 1- low force, mostly slow oxidative, less
ATPase and high oxidation
type 2a- medium force, use glycolysis, more ATPase and low/mid oxidation
type 2x- high force, use glycolysis, most ATPase and low oxidation
Role of insulin in glucose homeostasis - Correct Answers -increase in glucose=
increase in insulin (more glucose uptake)
Role of glucagon in glucose homeostasis - Correct Answers -decrease in glucose=
increase in glucagon
glycogen from liver keeps glucose at normal levels
FFA go to plasma to spare glucose
what do catecholamines do to insulin and glucagon in glucose homeostasis - Correct
Answers -both catecholamines help with FFA mobilization
Interferes with uptake of glucose
They:
decrease secretion and action of insulin
increase glucagon release
Increase glucose
Inhibits how insulin does its job
How is CK regulated? - Correct Answers -when you have more ADP creatine kinase
activity increases. When you have more ATP you dont need CK to work
