WX 360 final ALL units Question and answers rated A+
2025/2026
Why do we refer to satellite imagery? Recall that the resolution of
the Global Observing System
is too coarse to adequately
sam- ple tropical
disturbances and even some
of the largest tropi- cal
cyclones. There are vast ar-
eas of the tropical and
subtropi- cal oceanic areas
that reconnais- sance aircraft
cannot reach or are not tasked
to fly.
1. The Dvorak Tropical Cyclone Satellite Intensity Es- that "first line of
defense".
timation Technique is a major part of
2. When Dr. Vernon Dvorak Developed 5. As the
ThisSatel- lite-Based Tropical Cyclone convective
IntensityAnalysis Technique, He Had The banding
Following A Priori Recon- naissance Aircraft 'tightens up' or
Information: coils up, it
indicates a
3. The Dvorak Technique was developed by TC (i.e., more
Dr. Ver- non Dvorak convective
curvature =>
4. The Dvorak technique estimates TC
intensity based on the amount of
,1. center location of the tropical cyclones timated low-level circulation
2. the intensity of the tropical cy- clones cen- ter (LLCC) or mid-level
circulation center (MLCC).
at NOAA in the mid 1970s to the mid 1980s.
stronger; stronger
1. curvature of the convective cloud bands surrounding the es-
6.
,X 360 final ALL units
e convective banding can close off into an eye eye; eye (i.e., a warmer eyes
r- pattern; the intensity is then estimated by the dif- rounded by
lder cloud tops => ference between the temperature of the convec-
ronger hurricane).
on surrounding the and the temperature
the 7. . If the eye is obscured by higher clouds,
1. how far the estimated LLCC
then the intensity is estimated by is embedded into specific
cloud top temperatures or;
2. how far the LLCC is
from the edge of specific
cloud top tem- peratures
due to VWS patterns
8. The Dvorak Satellite Intensity Estimation
Tech- nique uses 4 primary cloud 1. curved band
patterns or scene types, which are: 2. shear pattern
3. embedded center pattern
4. eye pattern
9. The Curved Band pattern - used in developing TCs
be- low hurricane strength
(less than 65kt/T4.0).
-can be used up to 77kt/T4.5
for some cases
-intensity is measured by
how much unbroken
curved convec- tive band
(Dark grey) is curved
around the LLCC
10. Shear Pattern - used for developing or
weak- ening TCs below
hurricane strength
, -TC intensity is developed
by how close or far away the
LLCC is
2025/2026
Why do we refer to satellite imagery? Recall that the resolution of
the Global Observing System
is too coarse to adequately
sam- ple tropical
disturbances and even some
of the largest tropi- cal
cyclones. There are vast ar-
eas of the tropical and
subtropi- cal oceanic areas
that reconnais- sance aircraft
cannot reach or are not tasked
to fly.
1. The Dvorak Tropical Cyclone Satellite Intensity Es- that "first line of
defense".
timation Technique is a major part of
2. When Dr. Vernon Dvorak Developed 5. As the
ThisSatel- lite-Based Tropical Cyclone convective
IntensityAnalysis Technique, He Had The banding
Following A Priori Recon- naissance Aircraft 'tightens up' or
Information: coils up, it
indicates a
3. The Dvorak Technique was developed by TC (i.e., more
Dr. Ver- non Dvorak convective
curvature =>
4. The Dvorak technique estimates TC
intensity based on the amount of
,1. center location of the tropical cyclones timated low-level circulation
2. the intensity of the tropical cy- clones cen- ter (LLCC) or mid-level
circulation center (MLCC).
at NOAA in the mid 1970s to the mid 1980s.
stronger; stronger
1. curvature of the convective cloud bands surrounding the es-
6.
,X 360 final ALL units
e convective banding can close off into an eye eye; eye (i.e., a warmer eyes
r- pattern; the intensity is then estimated by the dif- rounded by
lder cloud tops => ference between the temperature of the convec-
ronger hurricane).
on surrounding the and the temperature
the 7. . If the eye is obscured by higher clouds,
1. how far the estimated LLCC
then the intensity is estimated by is embedded into specific
cloud top temperatures or;
2. how far the LLCC is
from the edge of specific
cloud top tem- peratures
due to VWS patterns
8. The Dvorak Satellite Intensity Estimation
Tech- nique uses 4 primary cloud 1. curved band
patterns or scene types, which are: 2. shear pattern
3. embedded center pattern
4. eye pattern
9. The Curved Band pattern - used in developing TCs
be- low hurricane strength
(less than 65kt/T4.0).
-can be used up to 77kt/T4.5
for some cases
-intensity is measured by
how much unbroken
curved convec- tive band
(Dark grey) is curved
around the LLCC
10. Shear Pattern - used for developing or
weak- ening TCs below
hurricane strength
, -TC intensity is developed
by how close or far away the
LLCC is
