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, Collect the best evidence- what kind and includes • Search for evidence!
• Evidence includes but is not limited to: agency policy and procedure manuals,
quality improvement data, existing clinical practice guidelines, agency experts,
staff educators, risk managers, infection control nurses, and peer reviewed articles
(specifically within the most recent 5 years from the present date)
Critically appraise the evidence you gather • The most difficult step in the EBP process
• Involves evaluation, determining if information is valuable and can be easily
applied, and if there is enough evidence for making a nursing practice change
• Thorough review of elements included in evidence-based articles
Integrate the evidence • How will you incorporate the evidence into practice?
• Integrate evidence with use of teaching tools, clinical practice guidelines,
policies and procedures, and new assessment documentation tools
• Consider staff support and available resources
• Conduct a pilot study and attempt to answer your PICOT question
Evaluate and share outcomes • Did it work? Is it effective?
• Communicate the results to various groups of nurses or other care providers
(facility nursing practice council or research committee)
PICO four-step process P - population of interest
I - intervention
C - comparison
O - outcome
Utilization of the research process • Identification of a researchable problem
• Review of the literature
• Formulation of the research question or hypothesis
• Design of the study
• Implementation of the study
• Drawing conclusions based on findings
• Discussion of clinical implications
• Dissemination of findings
Identification of a researchable problem • Sources:
* clinical situations
* the literature
* theories
• Repeat the study or design a similar one
• Test theoretical models
Review of the literature • Comprehensive and covers all relevant research
• Essential to locate similar or related studies that have already been completed
and on which a new study can build
• Answer the question "what have other researchers and theorists written about
this problem?"
Two major categories in designing study experimental (require quantitative methodology)
nonexperimental (can be quantitative or qualitative methodology)