ONS ONCC Chemotherapy Renewal Success Pack
2026 | Latest Update | Exam Prep
1. The nurse is administering a combination of antineoplastic drugs to a patient
who has metastatic breast cancer. Which statement best describes the
rationale for combination therapy?
Increased cancer-cell killing will occur.
Hair loss will be minimized.
Combination therapy reduces the need for radiation therapy.
There will be less nausea and vomiting.
2. What is the greatest benefit of using evidence-based research in nursing
practice?
DECREASED OUTCOMES FOR PATIENTS
NOT-SO-GOOD CARE OF PATIENTS
Improved outcomes for patients
3. Describe how the mechanism of action influences the classification of
antineoplastic agents in oncology nursing.
The mechanism of action solely determines the dosage of the agents
used in treatment.
The mechanism of action influences the classification of
antineoplastic agents by determining how they affect cancer cells
and their potential side effects.
The mechanism of action is irrelevant to classification and focuses only
on patient demographics.
The mechanism of action is only considered for chemotherapy drugs,
not for other treatments.
,4. If a patient undergoing chemotherapy develops neutropenia, what specific
nursing intervention should be prioritized to ensure their safety?
Increase the dosage of chemotherapy drugs.
Schedule more frequent chemotherapy sessions.
Implement strict infection control measures.
Advise the patient to avoid all physical activity.
5. A FOLFOX regimen might be part of what cancer treatment?
Breast cancer
Soft tissue sarcoma
Nasopharynx cancer
Colorectal Cancer
6. Describe the significance of managing mucositis in patients undergoing
chemotherapy.
Mucositis can be ignored if the patient is receiving other supportive
care.
Mucositis only affects younger patients and is not a concern for older
adults.
Managing mucositis is crucial as it can lead to pain, difficulty eating,
and increased risk of infection.
Mucositis is not significant and does not affect treatment outcomes.
7. The antidote for Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Idarubicin or Epirubicin
extravasations is:
Mesna
, Leucovorin
Dexrazoxane (Totect)
Aloxi
8. FR is a 55-year-old African American woman newly diagnosed with acute
lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Her physician has recommended she receive a
part A hyper-CVAD regimen (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin,
and dexamethasone). What baseline examination should she receive prior to
initiating doxorubicin on day 4?
CT scan to assess distant site involvement
24-hour urine collection to determine renal function
MUGA scan to determine left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)
Lumbar puncture to determine CNS disease
9. If a patient receiving chemotherapy experiences extravasation of a vesicant,
what immediate action should the oncology nurse take?
Continue the infusion to minimize discomfort.
Apply a warm compress to the affected area.
Stop the infusion and follow the facility's protocol for managing
extravasation.
Notify the physician and wait for further instructions.
10. Describe the difference in the effects of irritants and vesicants when they
extravasate into tissue.
Irritants and vesicants both cause systemic toxicity.
Irritants cause no damage, while vesicants cause local tissue damage.
, Irritants cause local tissue damage, while vesicants can lead to
severe blistering and necrosis.
Irritants only affect veins, while vesicants affect surrounding tissues.
11. A patient receiving Docetaxel develops signs of extravasation. What steps
should the oncology nurse take immediately following this observation?
The nurse should apply heat to the area and document the incident.
The nurse should continue the infusion and monitor the site for
changes.
The nurse should administer pain medication and notify the physician
after the infusion.
The nurse should stop the infusion, apply cold compresses, and
elevate the limb.
12. What is the primary goal of combination therapy in oncology nursing?
To enhance treatment effectiveness and reduce resistance.
To simplify treatment regimens for patients.
To increase the duration of hospital stays.
To minimize the use of chemotherapy drugs.
13. If a patient receiving trastuzumab and pertuzumab shows signs of heart
failure, what should the oncology nurse prioritize in their care plan?
Discontinuing all medications immediately
Monitoring cardiac function closely
Administering additional pain medication
Increasing the chemotherapy dosage
2026 | Latest Update | Exam Prep
1. The nurse is administering a combination of antineoplastic drugs to a patient
who has metastatic breast cancer. Which statement best describes the
rationale for combination therapy?
Increased cancer-cell killing will occur.
Hair loss will be minimized.
Combination therapy reduces the need for radiation therapy.
There will be less nausea and vomiting.
2. What is the greatest benefit of using evidence-based research in nursing
practice?
DECREASED OUTCOMES FOR PATIENTS
NOT-SO-GOOD CARE OF PATIENTS
Improved outcomes for patients
3. Describe how the mechanism of action influences the classification of
antineoplastic agents in oncology nursing.
The mechanism of action solely determines the dosage of the agents
used in treatment.
The mechanism of action influences the classification of
antineoplastic agents by determining how they affect cancer cells
and their potential side effects.
The mechanism of action is irrelevant to classification and focuses only
on patient demographics.
The mechanism of action is only considered for chemotherapy drugs,
not for other treatments.
,4. If a patient undergoing chemotherapy develops neutropenia, what specific
nursing intervention should be prioritized to ensure their safety?
Increase the dosage of chemotherapy drugs.
Schedule more frequent chemotherapy sessions.
Implement strict infection control measures.
Advise the patient to avoid all physical activity.
5. A FOLFOX regimen might be part of what cancer treatment?
Breast cancer
Soft tissue sarcoma
Nasopharynx cancer
Colorectal Cancer
6. Describe the significance of managing mucositis in patients undergoing
chemotherapy.
Mucositis can be ignored if the patient is receiving other supportive
care.
Mucositis only affects younger patients and is not a concern for older
adults.
Managing mucositis is crucial as it can lead to pain, difficulty eating,
and increased risk of infection.
Mucositis is not significant and does not affect treatment outcomes.
7. The antidote for Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Idarubicin or Epirubicin
extravasations is:
Mesna
, Leucovorin
Dexrazoxane (Totect)
Aloxi
8. FR is a 55-year-old African American woman newly diagnosed with acute
lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Her physician has recommended she receive a
part A hyper-CVAD regimen (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin,
and dexamethasone). What baseline examination should she receive prior to
initiating doxorubicin on day 4?
CT scan to assess distant site involvement
24-hour urine collection to determine renal function
MUGA scan to determine left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)
Lumbar puncture to determine CNS disease
9. If a patient receiving chemotherapy experiences extravasation of a vesicant,
what immediate action should the oncology nurse take?
Continue the infusion to minimize discomfort.
Apply a warm compress to the affected area.
Stop the infusion and follow the facility's protocol for managing
extravasation.
Notify the physician and wait for further instructions.
10. Describe the difference in the effects of irritants and vesicants when they
extravasate into tissue.
Irritants and vesicants both cause systemic toxicity.
Irritants cause no damage, while vesicants cause local tissue damage.
, Irritants cause local tissue damage, while vesicants can lead to
severe blistering and necrosis.
Irritants only affect veins, while vesicants affect surrounding tissues.
11. A patient receiving Docetaxel develops signs of extravasation. What steps
should the oncology nurse take immediately following this observation?
The nurse should apply heat to the area and document the incident.
The nurse should continue the infusion and monitor the site for
changes.
The nurse should administer pain medication and notify the physician
after the infusion.
The nurse should stop the infusion, apply cold compresses, and
elevate the limb.
12. What is the primary goal of combination therapy in oncology nursing?
To enhance treatment effectiveness and reduce resistance.
To simplify treatment regimens for patients.
To increase the duration of hospital stays.
To minimize the use of chemotherapy drugs.
13. If a patient receiving trastuzumab and pertuzumab shows signs of heart
failure, what should the oncology nurse prioritize in their care plan?
Discontinuing all medications immediately
Monitoring cardiac function closely
Administering additional pain medication
Increasing the chemotherapy dosage
