Advanced Patho Final Ch. 1-14 Recent
Questions and Correct Verified Answers
1.A woman had a biopsy of a breast mass. Which of the following findings are
considered precancerous? - Answer--Atypical hyperplasia
______ syndrome occurs when there is an extra X chromosome. -
Answer--Klinefelter
Children with PKU must avoid phenylalanine in the diet. Phenylalanine is most likely
a component of: - Answer--protein.
1. A 20-year-old man just took a home human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
antibody test. He states That it was positive. What is the next step? - Answer--A p24
antigen test will be done.
1. The major disadvantage of passive immunization is that it: - Answer--D) induces
short-term protection.
In addition to a positive antinuclear antibody test, which of the following diagnostic
test findings is consistent with diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematous? -
Answer--Positive anti-double stranded DNA
A 5-year-old child is brought in by his parents who report that she has not been
eating well, and they think she is losing weight even though her belly looks bloated.
They also noticed that she is limping when she walks. Physical examination reveals
a pale, quiet girl. Small bruises are noted on her shins and upper arms. Her heart
sounds and lung sounds are normal. She has hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. The
remainder of the exam is normal. Which type of hematologic cancer should be
suspected? - Answer--Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Which of the following triggers can precipitate a sickle cell crisis? - Answer--Fever,
dehydration, and stress
A 55-year-old woman has a hypochromic, microcytic anemia. The most likely cause
is: - Answer--iron deficiency resulting from chronic gastrointestinal blood loss.
An infant is diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Which of the
following is accurate pertaining to this case? - Answer--The infant has an opening
between the pulmonary artery and aorta.
,A 19-year-old athlete went out for his first day of football practice. He experienced
sudden cardiac death. The cause of death was determined to be cardiomyopathy. It
was most likely __________ cardiomyopathy. - Answer--hypertrophic
The most likely place for a thrombosis to form postoperatively is: - Answer--The legs
Which of the following can be used to measure hypercapnia? - Answer--End tidal
carbon dioxide detector
A mother brings her 5-year-old child in because the child snores and has difficulty
breathing when sleeping and seems to move around a lot when sleeping.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is suspected. What is a likely physical
exam finding to support the most common cause of OSAS in children? -
Answer--Noted mouth breathing and enlarged tonsils
The most common manifestations of acute epiglottitis in children is(are -
Answer--tripod positioning, "hot potato" voice, and acutely high fever.
Which of the following would be appropriate treatment for a patient on a ventilator
with respiratory alkalosis, a low CO2, and normal sodium bicarbonate? -
Answer--Decrease the respiratory rate on the ventilator
Classify the following arterial blood gas: pH = 7.35, PaCO2 = 50 mm Hg, HCO3 = 29
mEq/L. - Answer--Compensated respiratory acidosis
Causes of painless, asymptomatic hematuria include: - Answer--urothelial cell
carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma
Which of the following diagnostic findings is present in pyelonephritis but not in acute
cystitis? - Answer--White blood cell casts
A patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has tall, peaked T waves on his
electrocardiogram (ECG). Which of the following is the best action? - Answer--Check
the serum potassium level.
A father brought his son to the emergency room because he has a painful erection
that is not abating. His son has sickle cell anemia. He is diagnosed with priapism.
How does sickle cell lead to priapism? - Answer--The sickled red blood cells get
trapped in the penis.
Erectile dysfunction can be an early warning sign of: - Answer--cardiovascular
disease
, Human chorionic gonadotropin is generally detected in some pregnancy tests, and a
positive result reflects pregnancy. What is the purpose of this hormone during
pregnancy? - Answer--It stimulates corpus luteum to produce estrogen and
progesterone.
A 3-week-old male infant is brought to the ER with projectile vomiting and irritability.
The mother said that he seems to be hungry a lot but vomits after, and it has gotten
worse over 2-3 days. She also notes he is constipated. The most likely diagnosis is: -
Answer--pyloric stenosis.
Clinical manifestations of new onset, uncomplicated gastroesophageal reflux disease
include: - Answer--heartburn and sour taste in mouth.
A man is seropositive for viral hepatitis type D, which means - Answer--he has a
coinfection with viral hepatitis type B.
An incoherent female patient with a history of hypothyroidism is brought to the
emergency department by the rescue squad. Physical and laboratory findings reveal
hypothermia, hypoventilation, respiratory acidosis, bradycardia, hypotension, and
nonpitting edema of the face and pretibial area. Knowing that these findings suggest
severe hypothyroidism, emergency action is taken to prevent the potential
complication of: - Answer--myxedema coma.
A 50-year-old man is complaining of paresthesias in his hands and feet. He has
noted over the years that his hands have gotten larger. On physical exam, he is
noted to have a very deep voice, and his forehead and jaw protrude. His hands and
feet are large. Acromegaly is suspected. What other manifestation could occur with
acromegaly that is one of the primary causes of death? - Answer--Cardiomyopathy
When serum glucose levels increase, what are the normal physiologic responses? -
Answer--Glucagon release is inhibited, and insulin is released.
A woman is diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia. Where would her pain be located? -
Answer--Cheek and mandibular area
A patient reports that he senses that he is detached from society. His family reports
he doesn't seem to enjoy many experiences. These symptoms are a description of: -
Answer--anhedonia.
Which of the following neurologic disorders is characterized by cortical nerve cell
processes that have become twisted and dilated? - Answer--Alzheimer disease
Questions and Correct Verified Answers
1.A woman had a biopsy of a breast mass. Which of the following findings are
considered precancerous? - Answer--Atypical hyperplasia
______ syndrome occurs when there is an extra X chromosome. -
Answer--Klinefelter
Children with PKU must avoid phenylalanine in the diet. Phenylalanine is most likely
a component of: - Answer--protein.
1. A 20-year-old man just took a home human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
antibody test. He states That it was positive. What is the next step? - Answer--A p24
antigen test will be done.
1. The major disadvantage of passive immunization is that it: - Answer--D) induces
short-term protection.
In addition to a positive antinuclear antibody test, which of the following diagnostic
test findings is consistent with diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematous? -
Answer--Positive anti-double stranded DNA
A 5-year-old child is brought in by his parents who report that she has not been
eating well, and they think she is losing weight even though her belly looks bloated.
They also noticed that she is limping when she walks. Physical examination reveals
a pale, quiet girl. Small bruises are noted on her shins and upper arms. Her heart
sounds and lung sounds are normal. She has hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. The
remainder of the exam is normal. Which type of hematologic cancer should be
suspected? - Answer--Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Which of the following triggers can precipitate a sickle cell crisis? - Answer--Fever,
dehydration, and stress
A 55-year-old woman has a hypochromic, microcytic anemia. The most likely cause
is: - Answer--iron deficiency resulting from chronic gastrointestinal blood loss.
An infant is diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Which of the
following is accurate pertaining to this case? - Answer--The infant has an opening
between the pulmonary artery and aorta.
,A 19-year-old athlete went out for his first day of football practice. He experienced
sudden cardiac death. The cause of death was determined to be cardiomyopathy. It
was most likely __________ cardiomyopathy. - Answer--hypertrophic
The most likely place for a thrombosis to form postoperatively is: - Answer--The legs
Which of the following can be used to measure hypercapnia? - Answer--End tidal
carbon dioxide detector
A mother brings her 5-year-old child in because the child snores and has difficulty
breathing when sleeping and seems to move around a lot when sleeping.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is suspected. What is a likely physical
exam finding to support the most common cause of OSAS in children? -
Answer--Noted mouth breathing and enlarged tonsils
The most common manifestations of acute epiglottitis in children is(are -
Answer--tripod positioning, "hot potato" voice, and acutely high fever.
Which of the following would be appropriate treatment for a patient on a ventilator
with respiratory alkalosis, a low CO2, and normal sodium bicarbonate? -
Answer--Decrease the respiratory rate on the ventilator
Classify the following arterial blood gas: pH = 7.35, PaCO2 = 50 mm Hg, HCO3 = 29
mEq/L. - Answer--Compensated respiratory acidosis
Causes of painless, asymptomatic hematuria include: - Answer--urothelial cell
carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma
Which of the following diagnostic findings is present in pyelonephritis but not in acute
cystitis? - Answer--White blood cell casts
A patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has tall, peaked T waves on his
electrocardiogram (ECG). Which of the following is the best action? - Answer--Check
the serum potassium level.
A father brought his son to the emergency room because he has a painful erection
that is not abating. His son has sickle cell anemia. He is diagnosed with priapism.
How does sickle cell lead to priapism? - Answer--The sickled red blood cells get
trapped in the penis.
Erectile dysfunction can be an early warning sign of: - Answer--cardiovascular
disease
, Human chorionic gonadotropin is generally detected in some pregnancy tests, and a
positive result reflects pregnancy. What is the purpose of this hormone during
pregnancy? - Answer--It stimulates corpus luteum to produce estrogen and
progesterone.
A 3-week-old male infant is brought to the ER with projectile vomiting and irritability.
The mother said that he seems to be hungry a lot but vomits after, and it has gotten
worse over 2-3 days. She also notes he is constipated. The most likely diagnosis is: -
Answer--pyloric stenosis.
Clinical manifestations of new onset, uncomplicated gastroesophageal reflux disease
include: - Answer--heartburn and sour taste in mouth.
A man is seropositive for viral hepatitis type D, which means - Answer--he has a
coinfection with viral hepatitis type B.
An incoherent female patient with a history of hypothyroidism is brought to the
emergency department by the rescue squad. Physical and laboratory findings reveal
hypothermia, hypoventilation, respiratory acidosis, bradycardia, hypotension, and
nonpitting edema of the face and pretibial area. Knowing that these findings suggest
severe hypothyroidism, emergency action is taken to prevent the potential
complication of: - Answer--myxedema coma.
A 50-year-old man is complaining of paresthesias in his hands and feet. He has
noted over the years that his hands have gotten larger. On physical exam, he is
noted to have a very deep voice, and his forehead and jaw protrude. His hands and
feet are large. Acromegaly is suspected. What other manifestation could occur with
acromegaly that is one of the primary causes of death? - Answer--Cardiomyopathy
When serum glucose levels increase, what are the normal physiologic responses? -
Answer--Glucagon release is inhibited, and insulin is released.
A woman is diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia. Where would her pain be located? -
Answer--Cheek and mandibular area
A patient reports that he senses that he is detached from society. His family reports
he doesn't seem to enjoy many experiences. These symptoms are a description of: -
Answer--anhedonia.
Which of the following neurologic disorders is characterized by cortical nerve cell
processes that have become twisted and dilated? - Answer--Alzheimer disease
