ACVPM INFECTIOUS DISEASES EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT!!
,What was the original reason for establishing the national poultry improvement plan? -
ANSWER Eradicate Pullorm disease, caused by Salmonella pullorm which caused
upwards of 80% mortality in baby poultry
What are some important determinants of vector borne disease transmission? -
ANSWER survival and reproduction/biting rate/ pathogen incubation rate
How is Malaria affected by climate? el nino? - ANSWER Generally increases in
wetter/humid times of the year which could impact disease rates with climate change
Five fold increase in years after el nino
Why do Flu viruses mutate so much? - ANSWER RNA virus, so poor fidelity when
replicating
Which influenza strains can be highly pathogenic? - ANSWER H5/H7
Why does high path AI affect the meat of poultry but not low path? - ANSWER High
path cause viremia infecting all tissues, low path typically onl affects respiratory +/- GI
Why are swine able to mix influenza viruses? - ANSWER have receptors in their
respiratory tract for both mammalian and avian influenza viruses
What are the most important reservoirs of Coxiella burnetti - ANSWER cattle, sheep,
and goats
What are the symptoms of Q fever in people? - ANSWER mild flu like symptoms, can
be severe causing heart and liver problems
How is Q fever spread? - ANSWER inhalation of bacteria spread in amniotic fluid,
placenta, and feces (ticks possible, raw milk)
What did the 2007 dairy study reveal about the prevalence of C burnetti in U.S. dairy
herds? - ANSWER Increasing prevalence as herd size increased with 69.8percent of
small operations testing positive and 98.8 percent of large operations testing positive
with PCR
What area of the country is coccidioidmycosis (valley fever typically reported? -
ANSWER southwest (it lives in the soil)
, Where do raccoons typically defecate? which is the likely source of B procyonis
contamination - ANSWER The use communal latrines which can be manmade or
natural structures such as woodpiles, trash cans, flower beds, sand boxes
What is cat scratch disease's (Bartonellosis) typical incubation period in people? -
ANSWER 14 days
Aside from cats, how else can someone become infected by Bartonella? - ANSWER
Vectors (ticks, fleas, sandflies)
What are the symptoms of Bartonella in people? - ANSWER RED RASH, flu like
symptoms, lymphadenopathy, fever, progressive neurologic abnormalities
What are the symptoms of progressive inflammatory neuropathy in people and where
do they get it from? - ANSWER minor weakness and numbness to paralysis, particularly
of the lower extremities, which worsens over time
swine slaughterhouses, particularly those that work with the heads during processing,
possibly related to the use of compressed air to extract brain material
What is the infectious agent for progressive inflammatory neuropathy? - ANSWER
unknown, thought to be an autoimmune response to antigens associated with porcine
brain matter
Where is anthrax found in the U.S.? - ANSWER West of the Mississippi river (recent
single case in Indiana)
What are the clinical signs of anthrax? - ANSWER difficult to diagnose on CS alone,
incomplete rigor mortis, blood from orifices, rapid decomposition
What is the ideal sample for anthrax testing? - ANSWER cotton swab dipped in blood
and air dried
What are two disposal methods for anthrax carcasses? - ANSWER incineration
preferred (including any soil or another materials contaminated), deep burial (6-8ft)
covered with quick lime
How is anthrax controlled in livestock? - ANSWER antibiotics for healthy post-exposure,
rapid reporting, quarantine, proper disposal of confirmed/suspected cases, live vaccine
exists (no antibiotics for 1 week)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT!!
,What was the original reason for establishing the national poultry improvement plan? -
ANSWER Eradicate Pullorm disease, caused by Salmonella pullorm which caused
upwards of 80% mortality in baby poultry
What are some important determinants of vector borne disease transmission? -
ANSWER survival and reproduction/biting rate/ pathogen incubation rate
How is Malaria affected by climate? el nino? - ANSWER Generally increases in
wetter/humid times of the year which could impact disease rates with climate change
Five fold increase in years after el nino
Why do Flu viruses mutate so much? - ANSWER RNA virus, so poor fidelity when
replicating
Which influenza strains can be highly pathogenic? - ANSWER H5/H7
Why does high path AI affect the meat of poultry but not low path? - ANSWER High
path cause viremia infecting all tissues, low path typically onl affects respiratory +/- GI
Why are swine able to mix influenza viruses? - ANSWER have receptors in their
respiratory tract for both mammalian and avian influenza viruses
What are the most important reservoirs of Coxiella burnetti - ANSWER cattle, sheep,
and goats
What are the symptoms of Q fever in people? - ANSWER mild flu like symptoms, can
be severe causing heart and liver problems
How is Q fever spread? - ANSWER inhalation of bacteria spread in amniotic fluid,
placenta, and feces (ticks possible, raw milk)
What did the 2007 dairy study reveal about the prevalence of C burnetti in U.S. dairy
herds? - ANSWER Increasing prevalence as herd size increased with 69.8percent of
small operations testing positive and 98.8 percent of large operations testing positive
with PCR
What area of the country is coccidioidmycosis (valley fever typically reported? -
ANSWER southwest (it lives in the soil)
, Where do raccoons typically defecate? which is the likely source of B procyonis
contamination - ANSWER The use communal latrines which can be manmade or
natural structures such as woodpiles, trash cans, flower beds, sand boxes
What is cat scratch disease's (Bartonellosis) typical incubation period in people? -
ANSWER 14 days
Aside from cats, how else can someone become infected by Bartonella? - ANSWER
Vectors (ticks, fleas, sandflies)
What are the symptoms of Bartonella in people? - ANSWER RED RASH, flu like
symptoms, lymphadenopathy, fever, progressive neurologic abnormalities
What are the symptoms of progressive inflammatory neuropathy in people and where
do they get it from? - ANSWER minor weakness and numbness to paralysis, particularly
of the lower extremities, which worsens over time
swine slaughterhouses, particularly those that work with the heads during processing,
possibly related to the use of compressed air to extract brain material
What is the infectious agent for progressive inflammatory neuropathy? - ANSWER
unknown, thought to be an autoimmune response to antigens associated with porcine
brain matter
Where is anthrax found in the U.S.? - ANSWER West of the Mississippi river (recent
single case in Indiana)
What are the clinical signs of anthrax? - ANSWER difficult to diagnose on CS alone,
incomplete rigor mortis, blood from orifices, rapid decomposition
What is the ideal sample for anthrax testing? - ANSWER cotton swab dipped in blood
and air dried
What are two disposal methods for anthrax carcasses? - ANSWER incineration
preferred (including any soil or another materials contaminated), deep burial (6-8ft)
covered with quick lime
How is anthrax controlled in livestock? - ANSWER antibiotics for healthy post-exposure,
rapid reporting, quarantine, proper disposal of confirmed/suspected cases, live vaccine
exists (no antibiotics for 1 week)
