PHYSICAL SCIENCES ACTUAL EXAM
WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+ || 100%
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Thermosphere: - Answer The fourth layer of the Earth's atmosphere; altitude
stretches to about 500-600 km (300-375 mi.) to 1,000 km (620 mi.) above the
Earth's surface; the layer where the polar lights happen; the International Space
Station orbits at this layer.
Exosphere: - Answer The fifth and last layer (outer layer) of the Earth's
atmosphere; where the atmosphere thins out and merges with outer space; no exact
altitude where it ends-generally taken that outer space (a vacuum) exists above
about 1,300 km (800 mi.).
Atmospheric Pressure: - Answer The pressure and weight air molecules have at
the surface of the Earth; pressure increases as humidity decreases.
High Pressure System: - Answer A large body of circulating air with high
pressure at its center and lower pressure outside of the system.
Low Pressure System: - Answer A large body of circulating air with low
pressure at its center and higher pressure outside of the system.
,Convection Cells: - Answer A circulation pattern that forms when the rising of
warm air is balanced by the sinking of cool air; dense air sinks, pushing lighter air
upward=differences in density; three convection cells each (six total) in the
northern and southern hemispheres.
Coriolis Effect: - Answer The deflection of an object relative to the rotating
Earth; affects ocean currents and masses of air.
Prevailing Winds: - Answer Winds that blow predominantly from a particular
general direction into a given region.
Trade Winds: - Answer Winds blowing steadily towards the equator from the
northern and southern hemispheres; curved winds that flow from the east to the
west.
Hydrosphere: - Answer The reservoirs of water on Earth-atmosphere, surface
water, ground water, glaciers, and polar ice caps.
(Hydrologic) Water Cycle: - Answer Continuous water cycle within the
hydrosphere driven by solar radiation and gravity.
Transpiration: - Answer A specialized type of evaporation in which plants take
up ground water and release it into the air as water vapor.
Precipitation: - Answer When water condenses and fall to the Earth as rain,
snow, or hail; occurs when water droplets or ice crystals in clouds grow large
enough to be pulled down to the ground by gravity.
,Infiltration: - Answer A process where water soaks into the ground from
precipitation.
Runoff: - Answer Precipitation that falls onto the ground, but does not soak into
the ground; enters the surface water instead.
Air Mass: - Answer A large volume of warm or cold air that has approximately
uniform temperature, humidity, and pressure over hundreds or thousands of miles
horizontally and up to about 16 km vertically.
Front: - Answer A boundary between two or more air masses.
Warm Front: - Answer The leading edge of a moving mass of warm air that
pushes into a mass of cold air; because warm air is less dense, it rises above the
cold air.
Cold Front: - Answer The leading edge of a moving mass of cold air that
pushes into an area of warm air; because cold air is denser, it pushes under the
warm air.
Anticyclone: - Answer A weather system in which air pressure is high relative
to surrounding its location; motion circulates clockwise (northern hemisphere) and
counterclockwise (southern hemisphere); associated with calm, fine weather.
Cyclone: - Answer A system of winds rotating inward to an area of low
atmospheric pressure, with counterclockwise (northern hemisphere) or clockwise
(southern hemisphere) circulation; a depression.
, Depression: - Answer A low pressure area in which warm air rises.
Weather: - Answer Depends on the temperature and humidity of an air mass
over a region.
Fog: - Answer A cloud (with small water droplets) that hovers close to the
ground; forms when warm, moist air arrives in an area that had experience cold
weather; warm air flows over the cold ground, it cools and the water vapor
condenses; reduces visibility to to less than 1 km (0.62 mi.).
Hail: - Answer A type of precipitation consisting of frozen pellets that are more
than 5 mm (0.2 in.) in diameter; formed when growing droplets of water travel
through different conditions of temperature and humidity.
Snow: - Answer A type of precipitation consisting of crystals of water called
snowflakes; form when water vapor crystallizes onto a particle of dust.
Blizzard: - Answer A severe snowstorm characterized by very strong winds,
and a large amount of snowfall; forms when a warm air mass moves over a cold air
mass.
Thunderstorm: - Answer A storm characterized by thunder and lightning, which
is usually accompanied by heavy rain or hail.
Tornado: - Answer A rotating column of air that typically forms when
convergent winds cause warm, moist air to rise; most violent storms on Earth.