Evolution Exam – Study Guide & Revision Notes
A.) similar species tend to be found geographically close to each other - ANS ✔✔What did
Darwin observe that supported common ancestry?
A.) similar species tend to be found geographically close to each other
B.) Species in different parts of the world are very well suited to their local environment
C.) Fossil species have a wide geographic distributions
Similar species occur near one another - ANS ✔✔What does biogeography mean?
Surprising similarities among organisms - ANS ✔✔What does Homology mean?
1.) biogeography
2.) the fossil record
3.) homology
4.) classification - ANS ✔✔What are the 4 things that are evidence for common ancestry?
A.) bird wings in flighted and flightless birds (e.g, emus and penguins) have very similar
structures - ANS ✔✔Which of the following makes the strongest case for common ancestry over
separate ancestry?
A.) bird wings in flighted and flightless birds (e.g., emus and penguins) have very similar
structures
B.) bamboo feeding pandas are only found in the bamboo forests in China
C.) fossils magnolia flowers from millions of years ago have many similarities to living magnolias
TRUE - ANS ✔✔TRUE or FALSE:
common ancestry requires evolution
,A genetic change in a population over time - ANS ✔✔What is evolution?
A local population (e.g., plant in central Madison, plant in east Madison, and a plant in west
Madison) - ANS ✔✔What is a lineage?
Environmental changes (e.g., sea level changing) - ANS ✔✔What initiates a lineage splitting?
Evolution - ANS ✔✔What carries out lineage splitting?
Accumulate differences - ANS ✔✔What does geographic isolation allow populations to do?
1.) common ancestry
2.) populations evolve
3.) natural selection - ANS ✔✔What are the 3 big ideas of evolutionary biology?
TRUE - ANS ✔✔TRUE or FALSE:
lineages that have been isolated for long enough lose the ability to interbreed
Divergence events tend to become permanent (do not have secondary fusion after splitting) -
ANS ✔✔Why to "trees" form with lineages?
A clade - ANS ✔✔What is the highlighted group an example of?
C.) primates, rodents & rabbits, crocodiles, and birds - ANS ✔✔Which of the following sets of
tips is a clade?
A.) ray-finned fish and amphibians
, B.) rodents & rabbits and sharks
C.) primates, rodents & rabbits, crocodiles, and birds
D.) all of the above
The recency of common ancestry - ANS ✔✔What does relatedness mean?
Primates - ANS ✔✔Is the amphibian more closely related to the ray-finned fish or the primates?
FALSE. they are all equally "evolved" - ANS ✔✔TRUE or FALSE:
All living species are unequally "evolved"
Relatedness and clades - ANS ✔✔What things must be consistent in trees for them to have to
same topology?
On the left tree: between C and B
On the right tree: on the first left internode - ANS ✔✔If A and B both shared a trait that C did
not have, where did that trait likely evolve?
FALSE. they evolve on the internodes - ANS ✔✔TRUE or FALSE:
traits evolve at the nodes
TRUE (although the rate of evolution can vary among lineages!) - ANS ✔✔TRUE or FALSE:
usually the rate of trait evolution is about the same for all branches
Pterosaurs - ANS ✔✔Are birds more closely related to pterosaurs or plesiosaurs?
A.) similar species tend to be found geographically close to each other - ANS ✔✔What did
Darwin observe that supported common ancestry?
A.) similar species tend to be found geographically close to each other
B.) Species in different parts of the world are very well suited to their local environment
C.) Fossil species have a wide geographic distributions
Similar species occur near one another - ANS ✔✔What does biogeography mean?
Surprising similarities among organisms - ANS ✔✔What does Homology mean?
1.) biogeography
2.) the fossil record
3.) homology
4.) classification - ANS ✔✔What are the 4 things that are evidence for common ancestry?
A.) bird wings in flighted and flightless birds (e.g, emus and penguins) have very similar
structures - ANS ✔✔Which of the following makes the strongest case for common ancestry over
separate ancestry?
A.) bird wings in flighted and flightless birds (e.g., emus and penguins) have very similar
structures
B.) bamboo feeding pandas are only found in the bamboo forests in China
C.) fossils magnolia flowers from millions of years ago have many similarities to living magnolias
TRUE - ANS ✔✔TRUE or FALSE:
common ancestry requires evolution
,A genetic change in a population over time - ANS ✔✔What is evolution?
A local population (e.g., plant in central Madison, plant in east Madison, and a plant in west
Madison) - ANS ✔✔What is a lineage?
Environmental changes (e.g., sea level changing) - ANS ✔✔What initiates a lineage splitting?
Evolution - ANS ✔✔What carries out lineage splitting?
Accumulate differences - ANS ✔✔What does geographic isolation allow populations to do?
1.) common ancestry
2.) populations evolve
3.) natural selection - ANS ✔✔What are the 3 big ideas of evolutionary biology?
TRUE - ANS ✔✔TRUE or FALSE:
lineages that have been isolated for long enough lose the ability to interbreed
Divergence events tend to become permanent (do not have secondary fusion after splitting) -
ANS ✔✔Why to "trees" form with lineages?
A clade - ANS ✔✔What is the highlighted group an example of?
C.) primates, rodents & rabbits, crocodiles, and birds - ANS ✔✔Which of the following sets of
tips is a clade?
A.) ray-finned fish and amphibians
, B.) rodents & rabbits and sharks
C.) primates, rodents & rabbits, crocodiles, and birds
D.) all of the above
The recency of common ancestry - ANS ✔✔What does relatedness mean?
Primates - ANS ✔✔Is the amphibian more closely related to the ray-finned fish or the primates?
FALSE. they are all equally "evolved" - ANS ✔✔TRUE or FALSE:
All living species are unequally "evolved"
Relatedness and clades - ANS ✔✔What things must be consistent in trees for them to have to
same topology?
On the left tree: between C and B
On the right tree: on the first left internode - ANS ✔✔If A and B both shared a trait that C did
not have, where did that trait likely evolve?
FALSE. they evolve on the internodes - ANS ✔✔TRUE or FALSE:
traits evolve at the nodes
TRUE (although the rate of evolution can vary among lineages!) - ANS ✔✔TRUE or FALSE:
usually the rate of trait evolution is about the same for all branches
Pterosaurs - ANS ✔✔Are birds more closely related to pterosaurs or plesiosaurs?
