CSD 277 Final Exam – comprehensive study guide and exam preparation
material
Voice disorder - correct answer ✔✔When an individual expresses concern about having an
abnormal voice that does not meet daily needs-even if others do not perceive it as different or
deviant
Causes of voice disorders - correct answer ✔✔-Inappropriate vocal behaviors: screaming,
clearing throat, vocal noises
-Inappropriate use of vocal components: breathing, phonatory habits, resonance, pitch,
loudness
-Medically related
-Surgically related
-Neurogenic
-Social factors: alcohol use, smoking
What percentage of the US population suffers from a voice disorder - correct answer
✔✔around 29%
Are voice disorders more common in males or females? - correct answer ✔✔Females
In children, are voice disorders more common in males or females? - correct answer ✔✔Males
What occupation of people most commonly have voice disorders? - correct answer
✔✔Teachers, factory workers, salespersons, singers, individuals treated for head and neck
cancer
, What are the 3 subsystems of voice production? - correct answer ✔✔1. Structural: Alterations
in the vocal fold tissues ranging from benign conditions (nodules, polyps) to malignant
conditions (laryngeal cancer)
2. Neurogenic: Disorders of the central (ALS, MS) or peripheral nervous system (vocal fold
paralysis, vocal tremor, spasmodic dysphonia)
3. Functional: Functional disorders occur in the presence of normal laryngeal structure due to
inefficient use (muscle tension dysphonia)
Traumatic Brain Injury - correct answer ✔✔An acquired injury to the brain caused by an
external physical force
What is the incidence rate of TBIs - correct answer ✔✔1.7 million in the US, leading cause of
death and disability in children and adults
Metrics to determine the severity of TBIs - correct answer ✔✔Glasgow coma scale, time to
follow commands, Russell post traumatic amnesia, Mississippi PTA classification, degree of
consciousness
What is most commonly the TBI cause for babies and older adults? - correct answer ✔✔Falling
What are the two most common causes of TBIs for older adolescents? - correct answer
✔✔Assault and Motor vehicle accidents
What groups of individuals are most likely to sustain a TBI? - correct answer ✔✔Children, older
adolescents, and adults aged 65 or older
What is the process of injury to the brain when someone sustains a TBI? - correct answer
✔✔Most TBIs occur when the person is facing forward; injuries in the frontal and temporal
lobe; once the brain moves backwards it can cause injuries in the occipital lobe
material
Voice disorder - correct answer ✔✔When an individual expresses concern about having an
abnormal voice that does not meet daily needs-even if others do not perceive it as different or
deviant
Causes of voice disorders - correct answer ✔✔-Inappropriate vocal behaviors: screaming,
clearing throat, vocal noises
-Inappropriate use of vocal components: breathing, phonatory habits, resonance, pitch,
loudness
-Medically related
-Surgically related
-Neurogenic
-Social factors: alcohol use, smoking
What percentage of the US population suffers from a voice disorder - correct answer
✔✔around 29%
Are voice disorders more common in males or females? - correct answer ✔✔Females
In children, are voice disorders more common in males or females? - correct answer ✔✔Males
What occupation of people most commonly have voice disorders? - correct answer
✔✔Teachers, factory workers, salespersons, singers, individuals treated for head and neck
cancer
, What are the 3 subsystems of voice production? - correct answer ✔✔1. Structural: Alterations
in the vocal fold tissues ranging from benign conditions (nodules, polyps) to malignant
conditions (laryngeal cancer)
2. Neurogenic: Disorders of the central (ALS, MS) or peripheral nervous system (vocal fold
paralysis, vocal tremor, spasmodic dysphonia)
3. Functional: Functional disorders occur in the presence of normal laryngeal structure due to
inefficient use (muscle tension dysphonia)
Traumatic Brain Injury - correct answer ✔✔An acquired injury to the brain caused by an
external physical force
What is the incidence rate of TBIs - correct answer ✔✔1.7 million in the US, leading cause of
death and disability in children and adults
Metrics to determine the severity of TBIs - correct answer ✔✔Glasgow coma scale, time to
follow commands, Russell post traumatic amnesia, Mississippi PTA classification, degree of
consciousness
What is most commonly the TBI cause for babies and older adults? - correct answer ✔✔Falling
What are the two most common causes of TBIs for older adolescents? - correct answer
✔✔Assault and Motor vehicle accidents
What groups of individuals are most likely to sustain a TBI? - correct answer ✔✔Children, older
adolescents, and adults aged 65 or older
What is the process of injury to the brain when someone sustains a TBI? - correct answer
✔✔Most TBIs occur when the person is facing forward; injuries in the frontal and temporal
lobe; once the brain moves backwards it can cause injuries in the occipital lobe
