NSG 2400 SINCLAIR COMMUNITY EXAM 2
CERTIFICATION TEST PAPER 2026 COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A PLUS
◉ Pediatric Differences w/ TBI.
Answer: -children have larger head mass & body surface area
-greater head mass makes them top heavy & increases momentum
w/ falls
-weaker neck muscles
-open suture lines & fontanelles ~18 months of age
~allows for slight expansion to an extent d/t cerebral edema early
in head injury
◉ Causes: TBI - Falls.
Answer: Leading cause of TBI
◉ Other causes of TBI.
Answer: -MVAs
-Struck by objects
-Abuse/assault
-Suicide attempts
-Other:
,~intoxication
~DKA, stroke, heart attacks, & seizures
◉ Linear Fracture.
Answer: -Straight line crack in skull
-Heals in 3-4 months
-Pt. needs follow up x-rays to ensure proper healing
◉ Linear fracture: hospital care.
Answer: -Pt. admitted overnight for obs. & neuro checks
◉ Depressed Fracture.
Answer: -Causes fragments to indent inward towards brain
-NEUROLOGICAL EMERGENCY
~Fragments cause tearing & increase pressure on brain
~Pt. needs surgery immediately to lift fragments & reduce ICP
~Fracture uncommon before age 2 b/c cant generate enough speed
to hit head hard enough
~Injury must be forceful enough for child to have (MVA or abuse)
◉ Basilar skull fracture.
Answer: -Linear fracture that occurs at base of skull
,-Bone fragments penetrate PARANASAL SINUSES & MIDDLE EAR
SPACES
~Leads to bleeding & CSF leakage from nose & ears
-Fracture has high incidence of POSTTRAUMATIC MENINGITIS
(infection in brain area)
◉ CSF appearance.
Answer: -Serosanguinous
-Contains glucose
◉ Basilar skull fracture: S/S.
Answer: -Raccoon eyes (bruising around eyes)
-Battle sign (bruising behind ear of injured side)
◉ With basilar skull fracture, do not place a.
Answer: NG Tube!
◉ Concussion.
Answer: -Violent jarring/shaking of brain soft tissue that results in
disturbance of brain function
◉ How does concussion occur?.
, Answer: -Individual hits head: initial impact. Force from impact
causes brain to strike inner surface of skull & rebound against
opposite side of skull.
-Individual has brief loss of consciousness.
~Can be a few seconds to a few minutes. After, individual will be
dazed & confused.
-Individual will also have memory loss/amnesia
◉ S&S of concussion.
Answer: -Brief loss of cons.
-Dazed & confused
-Memory loss/amnesia
◉ Retrograde amnesia.
Answer: -Loss long-term of memory
◉ Anterograde amnesia.
Answer: -Loss of short-term memory
◉ Children w/ concussion.
Answer: -No aspirin/ibuprofen for first 48 hrs. after injury!
-No strenuous activity
CERTIFICATION TEST PAPER 2026 COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A PLUS
◉ Pediatric Differences w/ TBI.
Answer: -children have larger head mass & body surface area
-greater head mass makes them top heavy & increases momentum
w/ falls
-weaker neck muscles
-open suture lines & fontanelles ~18 months of age
~allows for slight expansion to an extent d/t cerebral edema early
in head injury
◉ Causes: TBI - Falls.
Answer: Leading cause of TBI
◉ Other causes of TBI.
Answer: -MVAs
-Struck by objects
-Abuse/assault
-Suicide attempts
-Other:
,~intoxication
~DKA, stroke, heart attacks, & seizures
◉ Linear Fracture.
Answer: -Straight line crack in skull
-Heals in 3-4 months
-Pt. needs follow up x-rays to ensure proper healing
◉ Linear fracture: hospital care.
Answer: -Pt. admitted overnight for obs. & neuro checks
◉ Depressed Fracture.
Answer: -Causes fragments to indent inward towards brain
-NEUROLOGICAL EMERGENCY
~Fragments cause tearing & increase pressure on brain
~Pt. needs surgery immediately to lift fragments & reduce ICP
~Fracture uncommon before age 2 b/c cant generate enough speed
to hit head hard enough
~Injury must be forceful enough for child to have (MVA or abuse)
◉ Basilar skull fracture.
Answer: -Linear fracture that occurs at base of skull
,-Bone fragments penetrate PARANASAL SINUSES & MIDDLE EAR
SPACES
~Leads to bleeding & CSF leakage from nose & ears
-Fracture has high incidence of POSTTRAUMATIC MENINGITIS
(infection in brain area)
◉ CSF appearance.
Answer: -Serosanguinous
-Contains glucose
◉ Basilar skull fracture: S/S.
Answer: -Raccoon eyes (bruising around eyes)
-Battle sign (bruising behind ear of injured side)
◉ With basilar skull fracture, do not place a.
Answer: NG Tube!
◉ Concussion.
Answer: -Violent jarring/shaking of brain soft tissue that results in
disturbance of brain function
◉ How does concussion occur?.
, Answer: -Individual hits head: initial impact. Force from impact
causes brain to strike inner surface of skull & rebound against
opposite side of skull.
-Individual has brief loss of consciousness.
~Can be a few seconds to a few minutes. After, individual will be
dazed & confused.
-Individual will also have memory loss/amnesia
◉ S&S of concussion.
Answer: -Brief loss of cons.
-Dazed & confused
-Memory loss/amnesia
◉ Retrograde amnesia.
Answer: -Loss long-term of memory
◉ Anterograde amnesia.
Answer: -Loss of short-term memory
◉ Children w/ concussion.
Answer: -No aspirin/ibuprofen for first 48 hrs. after injury!
-No strenuous activity
