NUR 376
NUR 376 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
2025
Phases of Inflammation:
Vascular Permeability -
correct answersInflammation stimulates blood vessel dilation and opening
of capillary pore
s. Capillary pores allows fluid and cells (WBCs and platelets) to arrive at
site of injury.
Phases of Inflammation:
Cellular Chemotaxis correct answersChemical signal that calls out to
WBC's to site of injury. Results in leukocyto
sis, where WBCs are released from the bone marrow and into the blood
stream.
**Doctor is able to analyze the type of WBC and number of WBCs to
determine type and se verity of infection.
Phases of Inflammation:
Systemic Responses - correct answersPatient experiences symptoms such
as:
-Fever
-lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes)
-pain
-sleepiness
-lethargy
-anemia
-weight loss
** Inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins,
TNF- alpha, and ILs are responsible for many of
these effects
Mediators of Inflammation (5) - correct answers1. Cytokines (Interleukins
ILs & TNF-alpha)
-either amplify or deactivate inflammatory response
NUR 376 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
,NUR 376
-stimulate liver to release acute phase proteins
2. Chemokines
- proteins that attract WBCs to site of injury
3.Acute phase proteins
-Facilitates WBC phagocytosis
-Include: C reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, serum amyloid A, and
hecidin
4.Prostaglandins
5.Pyrogens
What is acute inflammation? -
correct answersShort term inflammatory response that resolves once
infection has been res
olved.
What is chronic inflammation? - correct answersOngoing infection for a
long period of time
Ex: TB and autoimmune diseases
Stages of Infection (5) - correct answers1. Incubation Period (no
identifiable symptoms)
2.Prodromal Stage (initial appearance of symptoms- MOST CONTAGIOUS
3.Acute stage (full infectious experience)
4.Convalescent (body fighting back, start to feel relief)
5.Resolution (Total elimination of infection)
Immunocompetence vs. Immunosuppression correct
answersImmunocompetence refers to the individuals ability to protect
oneself from infectious agents because of a strong immune system.
Immunosuppression indicates a defe ctive immune system that places
person at higher risk for infection.
Portals of Entry (4) - correct answers1. Skin
2.Respiratory
3.GI tract
4.Urogenital tracts
NUR 376 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
, NUR 376
Atrophy - correct answers"Shrinking"
When cells cant meet metabolic requirements, they shrink to decrease the
demand and incr ease efficiency.
Metaplasia - correct answers-Replacement of one cell by another cell type
-Generally occurs in response to chronic
inflammation to enable tissue survival
Role of pyrogens in fever correctAanswersActivate Prostaglandins
to reset the hypothalamic temperature-
regulating center to a higher level
Apoptosis correct answersGenetically programmed death on cells that has
no adverse effects on body
Antibody titer -
correct answersLevel of antibody in the bloodstream and corresponds to
the level of expos
ure to the microbe
What is the first Ig (immunoglobin) to rise during infection? - correct
answersIgM
Innate immunity is? - correct answers1st line of defense against infection
Nonspecific mechanism that defends the body immediately against all
types of pathogens
Passive-acquired adaptive immunity - correct answers-
Individual given pre made, fully formed antibodies against an antigen
-Provides immediate but short term immunity.
Ex: Infant acquiring antibodies in breast milk
Active acquired adaptive immunity - correct answersLonger lasting
immunity than passive- acquired adaptive immunity but not permanent.
Ex: Vaccine
Adaptive immunity is? - correct answers-2nd line of defense against
infection
-Developed with exposure to antigens and targets particular pathogens
-Includes B and T cells to fight infection and create antibodies
Two major categories of adaptive immunity
correctAanswers1. B lymphocyte immunity
(humoral)
2. T lymphocyte immunity (cell-mediated)
NUR 376 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
NUR 376 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
2025
Phases of Inflammation:
Vascular Permeability -
correct answersInflammation stimulates blood vessel dilation and opening
of capillary pore
s. Capillary pores allows fluid and cells (WBCs and platelets) to arrive at
site of injury.
Phases of Inflammation:
Cellular Chemotaxis correct answersChemical signal that calls out to
WBC's to site of injury. Results in leukocyto
sis, where WBCs are released from the bone marrow and into the blood
stream.
**Doctor is able to analyze the type of WBC and number of WBCs to
determine type and se verity of infection.
Phases of Inflammation:
Systemic Responses - correct answersPatient experiences symptoms such
as:
-Fever
-lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes)
-pain
-sleepiness
-lethargy
-anemia
-weight loss
** Inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins,
TNF- alpha, and ILs are responsible for many of
these effects
Mediators of Inflammation (5) - correct answers1. Cytokines (Interleukins
ILs & TNF-alpha)
-either amplify or deactivate inflammatory response
NUR 376 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
,NUR 376
-stimulate liver to release acute phase proteins
2. Chemokines
- proteins that attract WBCs to site of injury
3.Acute phase proteins
-Facilitates WBC phagocytosis
-Include: C reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, serum amyloid A, and
hecidin
4.Prostaglandins
5.Pyrogens
What is acute inflammation? -
correct answersShort term inflammatory response that resolves once
infection has been res
olved.
What is chronic inflammation? - correct answersOngoing infection for a
long period of time
Ex: TB and autoimmune diseases
Stages of Infection (5) - correct answers1. Incubation Period (no
identifiable symptoms)
2.Prodromal Stage (initial appearance of symptoms- MOST CONTAGIOUS
3.Acute stage (full infectious experience)
4.Convalescent (body fighting back, start to feel relief)
5.Resolution (Total elimination of infection)
Immunocompetence vs. Immunosuppression correct
answersImmunocompetence refers to the individuals ability to protect
oneself from infectious agents because of a strong immune system.
Immunosuppression indicates a defe ctive immune system that places
person at higher risk for infection.
Portals of Entry (4) - correct answers1. Skin
2.Respiratory
3.GI tract
4.Urogenital tracts
NUR 376 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
, NUR 376
Atrophy - correct answers"Shrinking"
When cells cant meet metabolic requirements, they shrink to decrease the
demand and incr ease efficiency.
Metaplasia - correct answers-Replacement of one cell by another cell type
-Generally occurs in response to chronic
inflammation to enable tissue survival
Role of pyrogens in fever correctAanswersActivate Prostaglandins
to reset the hypothalamic temperature-
regulating center to a higher level
Apoptosis correct answersGenetically programmed death on cells that has
no adverse effects on body
Antibody titer -
correct answersLevel of antibody in the bloodstream and corresponds to
the level of expos
ure to the microbe
What is the first Ig (immunoglobin) to rise during infection? - correct
answersIgM
Innate immunity is? - correct answers1st line of defense against infection
Nonspecific mechanism that defends the body immediately against all
types of pathogens
Passive-acquired adaptive immunity - correct answers-
Individual given pre made, fully formed antibodies against an antigen
-Provides immediate but short term immunity.
Ex: Infant acquiring antibodies in breast milk
Active acquired adaptive immunity - correct answersLonger lasting
immunity than passive- acquired adaptive immunity but not permanent.
Ex: Vaccine
Adaptive immunity is? - correct answers-2nd line of defense against
infection
-Developed with exposure to antigens and targets particular pathogens
-Includes B and T cells to fight infection and create antibodies
Two major categories of adaptive immunity
correctAanswers1. B lymphocyte immunity
(humoral)
2. T lymphocyte immunity (cell-mediated)
NUR 376 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
