Neurobiology Final Exam Review with correct answers 100% 2026

Neurobiology Final Exam Review with correct answers 100% 2026 Attenuation reflex - Correct Answer Response where onset of sound causes tensor tympani and stapedius muscle to contract. It functions to help ear adapt to loud sounds, and to understand speech better Perilymph - Correct Answer Fluid in the scala vestibuli and scala tympani of the cochlea. It has a low potassium and high sodium concentration (similar to CSF) Endolymph - Correct Answer Fluid in the scala media of the cochlea, high potassium and low sodium concentrations, similar to that of intracellular fluid Spiral Ganglion - Correct Answer Hair cells form synapses on neurons whose cell bodies are located here. This structure is located in the modiolus. These cells are bipolar with neurites extending to the bases and sides of the hair cells where they receive synaptic input. Auditory Cortex - Correct Answer Located in superior part of temporal lobe. Received precisely mapped info from MGN. Function is to process combination of frequencies and procell modulations of amplitude or frequency. TRPA1 channel - Correct Answer Located on tips of stereocilia, these are special types of cation channels that are controlled by the cilia on the hair cells which act like springs that transmit tension and either increases or decreases inward K+ flux Interaural time delay - Correct Answer Difference in time it takes for sound to reach each ear if sound is not coming from directly in front or behind you. Used for detecting direction of sudden sound. Processed by neurons in the superior olive. 20-2000Hz. Interaural Intensity Differences - Correct Answer Head blocks sound so intensity is less in the ear away from sound. Brain detects and computes differences in intensity to localize sound direction. 2000-20'000 Hz. Basal Ganglia - Correct Answer The striatum (caudate and putanem), the globus pallidus, the substantia nigra, and the subthalamic nuclus. Basal Ganglia - Correct Answer Important part of brain system that controls movement Dorsal Column- Medial Lemniscus Pathway - Correct Answer Touch/vibration pathway. Composed of primary sensory axons as well as second-order axons. Information presented ipsilaterally (same side) until dorsal column nuclei is reached in which now the somatosensory system of one side of the body is now concerned with sensations driving the other side of the body. Medial lemniscus - Correct Answer Axons of the dorsal column nuclei ascend within this conspicuous white matter. It rises through the medulla, pons, and midbrain and axons synapse upon neurons of the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus. Trigeminal Touch Pathway - Correct Answer Somatic sensation of face, CNV, enters brain at pons, synapse onto second order neurons in the ipsilateral trigeminal nucleus