NR 509 Final with questions
and well verified answers
actual exam!!! 2026
Know that in a 47-year-old man ED is usually ___________ rather than testosterone -
ANSWER -psychologic
Erectile dysfunction may be from psychogenic causes, especially if - ANSWER -early
morning erection is preserved.
it may also reflect decreased testosterone, decreased blood flow in the hypogastric arterial
system, impaired neural innervation, and diabetes
When performing a breast exam, know what abnormal masses should do when the arm -
ANSWER -may be fixed to skin or underlying tissues (may cause dimpling of skin or
retraction when arms are lifted over head or hands are pressed against hips)
Fibroadenoma and cysts mobility - ANSWER -very mobile/mobile
Know that a high proportion of breast masses are noted during ________ - ANSWER -
BSE
Breast stage 1 - ANSWER -preadolescent- elevation of nipple only
, Breast stage 2 - ANSWER -breast bud stage- elevation of breast and nipple as a small
mound; enlargement of areolar diameter
breast stage 3 - ANSWER -further enlargement of elevation of breast and areola, with no
separation of their contours
breast stage 4 - ANSWER -projection of areola and nipple to form a secondary mound
above the level of breast
breast stage 5 - ANSWER -mature stage- projection of nipple only; areola has receded to
general contour of the breast (although in some individuals the areola continues to form a
secondary mound)
Know where pain is located with pancreatitis: acute - ANSWER -epigastric, may radiation
straight to the back of other areas of the abdomen; 20% with severe sequelae of organ failure
Know where pain is located with pancreatitis: chronic - ANSWER -epigastric, radiating to
back
Know how hepatitis A is transmitted - ANSWER -Transmitted through fecal-oral route.
Fecal shedding followed by poor handwashing contaminates water and foods leading to
infection of household and sexual contacts
Stress incontinence - ANSWER -the urethral sphincter is weakened so that transient
increases in intra-abdominal pressure raise the bladder pressure to levels that exceed urethral
resistance. Causes include childbirth and surgery, postmenopausal atrophy of the mucosa, and
urethral infection. May follow prostate surgery in men.
urge incontinence - ANSWER -detrusor contractions are stronger than normal and
overcome the normal urethral resistance. The bladder is typically small. Mechanisms:
Decreased cortical inhibition of detrusor contractions from stroke, brain tumor, dementia, and
lesions of the spinal cord above sacral level. Also hyperexcitability of sensory pathways ie:
bladder infections, tumors, and fecal impaction. Deconditioning of voiding reflexes ie: frequent
voluntary voiding at low bladder volumes.
overflow incontinence - ANSWER -detrusor contractions are insufficient to overcome
urethral resistance, causing urinary retention. The bladder is typically flaccid and large, even
and well verified answers
actual exam!!! 2026
Know that in a 47-year-old man ED is usually ___________ rather than testosterone -
ANSWER -psychologic
Erectile dysfunction may be from psychogenic causes, especially if - ANSWER -early
morning erection is preserved.
it may also reflect decreased testosterone, decreased blood flow in the hypogastric arterial
system, impaired neural innervation, and diabetes
When performing a breast exam, know what abnormal masses should do when the arm -
ANSWER -may be fixed to skin or underlying tissues (may cause dimpling of skin or
retraction when arms are lifted over head or hands are pressed against hips)
Fibroadenoma and cysts mobility - ANSWER -very mobile/mobile
Know that a high proportion of breast masses are noted during ________ - ANSWER -
BSE
Breast stage 1 - ANSWER -preadolescent- elevation of nipple only
, Breast stage 2 - ANSWER -breast bud stage- elevation of breast and nipple as a small
mound; enlargement of areolar diameter
breast stage 3 - ANSWER -further enlargement of elevation of breast and areola, with no
separation of their contours
breast stage 4 - ANSWER -projection of areola and nipple to form a secondary mound
above the level of breast
breast stage 5 - ANSWER -mature stage- projection of nipple only; areola has receded to
general contour of the breast (although in some individuals the areola continues to form a
secondary mound)
Know where pain is located with pancreatitis: acute - ANSWER -epigastric, may radiation
straight to the back of other areas of the abdomen; 20% with severe sequelae of organ failure
Know where pain is located with pancreatitis: chronic - ANSWER -epigastric, radiating to
back
Know how hepatitis A is transmitted - ANSWER -Transmitted through fecal-oral route.
Fecal shedding followed by poor handwashing contaminates water and foods leading to
infection of household and sexual contacts
Stress incontinence - ANSWER -the urethral sphincter is weakened so that transient
increases in intra-abdominal pressure raise the bladder pressure to levels that exceed urethral
resistance. Causes include childbirth and surgery, postmenopausal atrophy of the mucosa, and
urethral infection. May follow prostate surgery in men.
urge incontinence - ANSWER -detrusor contractions are stronger than normal and
overcome the normal urethral resistance. The bladder is typically small. Mechanisms:
Decreased cortical inhibition of detrusor contractions from stroke, brain tumor, dementia, and
lesions of the spinal cord above sacral level. Also hyperexcitability of sensory pathways ie:
bladder infections, tumors, and fecal impaction. Deconditioning of voiding reflexes ie: frequent
voluntary voiding at low bladder volumes.
overflow incontinence - ANSWER -detrusor contractions are insufficient to overcome
urethral resistance, causing urinary retention. The bladder is typically flaccid and large, even
