Cambridge DELTA Module 1 Terms
Accomodation - ANS-PHONOLOGY Squeezing syllables in an utterance into the equal
quantity of time in order that they occupy the identical period of time.
Acculturation - ANS-SLA The technique via which a person integrates into a selected
lifestyle. One of the first theories of SLA that tried to prioritize social factors over in simple
terms cognitive ones. It has been partly rehabilitated beneath the name socialization.
Accuracy - ANS-SLA The quantity to which a learner's use of a second language conforms
to the rules of the language. Once notion to be a precondition for fluency.
Fulfillment take a look at - ANS-TESTING A shape of assessment administered at the quit of
a route to screen the mastering procedure. Also referred to as summative tests.
Fulfillment check - ANS-TESTING Designed to test what rookies have learned over a week,
month, time period or complete route. Because ___ ___s are without delay associated with
the content of the teaching program, they provide comments at the teaching-gaining
knowledge of method, and are consequently useful records for course assessment.
Action studies - ANS-METHODOLOGY A shape of trainer-pushed research, the dual goals
of that are to improve study room exercise, and to 'empower' instructors. Typically inspired
much less via the choice to reply the 'large' questions than by the want to remedy a selected
coaching trouble within the nearby context.
Planning->performing->staring at->reflecting
young people - ANS-METHODOLOGY The perfect time to examine a second language. This
age organization has a tendency to outperform adults and to progress greater swiftly than
younger newbies.
Have an effect on - ANS-PSYCHOLOGY The fashionable word for emotion or feelings.
These elements positively or negatively have an impact on language getting to know. Often
contrasted with cognitive elements which include intelligence and getting to know style. Low
___ive clear out=emotionally well-disposed to processing input High ___ive=may not method
input so effecitively.
Affix, affixation - ANS-VOCABULARY An detail this is delivered to a word and which
modifications its that means. The system of doing this.
Affordance - ANS-LINGUISTICS The language mastering opportunities that exist in a
learner's linguistic 'environment.' Maximized with meaningful activities and giving
inexperienced persons feedback.
,Corporation - ANS-METHODOLOGY Control of your own moves, consisting of your
intellectual interest. A notion from vital pedagogy. Learners aren't items of the coaching
manner; they are subjects of the mastering process. A thing that contributes to motivation.
Allophone - ANS-PHONOLOGY A phonetic version of the same phoneme. Does now not
affect meaning.
Carried out linguistics - ANS-LINGUISTICS Concerned with the software of linguistic theory
to solving language-associated issues inside the actual global. Language making plans,
speech remedy, lexcography, translation research, forensic linguistics.
Appraisal - ANS-LINGUISTICS Also called stance; the way speakers and writers use
language to explicit their private mind-set to what is being said or written; one of the major
approaches that language's interpersonal feature is realized; consists of 3 classes: have an
effect on (personal emotions), judgment (social values and social esteem), appreciation
(reviews). These can all be expressed lexically, grammatically or via the use of paralinguistic
gadgets.
Appropriacy - ANS-SOCIOLINGUISTICS Using language in a manner this is suitable for the
context and in a manner that meets the expectancies of the humans you are speaking with.
An component of sociolinguistic competence, which is a component of a speaker's standard
communicative competence. (Dell Hymes)
appropriation - ANS-SLA To make some thing your very own. Gaining possession of a skill
through first doing it with someone who's greater skilled than you're till you could manipulate
or regulate the talent yourself. A key idea in sociocultural gaining knowledge of concept.
Language is not clearly a conduct this is conditioned through repeated practice, but that it's
miles certainly one of collaborative construction, in which abilties are transferred in
socially-situated interest.
Aptitude - ANS-PSYCHOLOGY The innate skills or predisposition for language gaining
knowledge of. 3 kinds of ability: auditory, linguistic, memory.
ARC - ANS-METHODOLOGY Lesson design proposed with the aid of Jim Scrivener that
specializes in actual language use, restricted language use and then rationalization. These
levels may be rearranged and occur regularly within one lesson.
Thing - ANS-GRAMMAR The way the speaker's 'view' of an occasion is expressed through
the verb phrase, regardless of the time of the event itself. 2 of these in English: modern and
perfect.
Assimiliation - ANS-PHONOLOGY When a valid is modified by way of a neighboring sound,
inclusive of when the final /n/ of green is observed by using a /p/, and is reported /m/; /t/
/d/=/p//b/; /t//d/=/k//g/
audiolingualism - ANS-METHODOLOGY Became significant inside the US in the Nineteen
Fifties and 60s. Distinctive function=drilling of sentence patterns. Came from a view of
mastering as addiction formation (behaviorism). Spoken language changed into prioritized;
,translation and using metalanguage have been discouraged; accuracy became considered a
precondition for fluency. Shot down by means of Chomsky within the early 60s and the
beginning of mentalism.
Authenticity - ANS-LINGUISTICS Became a priority with the communicative technique. The
idea of "grade the challenge, no longer the textual content" was born. This sort of interaction
is each extra communicative and offers greater affordances for mastering.
Automaticity - ANS-PSYCHOLOGY The ability to carry out a assignment while not having to
attention interest on it. This frees a learner's restrained attentional sources for greater
stressful sports. A technique of putting in place chunks and institutions that hyperlink one
step with any other. This doesn't mean a sacrifice of accuracy. When chunks of language are
produced in a pre-assembled form, the speaker has a great deal much less risk of creating
mistakes.
Autonomy - ANS-PSYCHOLOGY Also known as self-directed gaining knowledge of. The
capability to take obligation in your very own gaining knowledge of.
Avoidance method - ANS-SLA Abandoning a message or changing an original messae with
one that is much less formidable.
Backwash - ANS-TESTING The manner a check impacts the school room coaching that
leads as much as it.
Behaviorism - ANS-PSYCHOLOGY A mental theory famous in the mid-20th century that
viewed gaining knowledge of as a kind of habit formation and wonderful reinforcement.
Audiolingualism is the coaching technique that is associated with this.
Stimulus-reaction-reinforcement.
This concept rejected any position, in mastering, for intellectual approaches such as notion
and reasoning.
Bilingualism - ANS-SLA At one factor it became taken into consideration a handicap to 2nd
language novices due to the fact that (according to behaviorist theory) the first language
interferes with the second. ADDITIVE=second language delivered to first with out
threatening the speaker's first language identification; SUBTRACTIVE=the second one
language replaces the primary, threatening the speaker's language identity.
Vast-band curriculum - ANS-METHODOLOGY Curriculum wherein objectives are broadly
recognized, eg in phrases of standard abilities. Allows each learner to contribute to the
satisfactory of his/her competencies. Also permits for the teaching and getting to know of lots
of language areas simultaneously. Learning is regarded as holistic, emergent and
concurrent. Better suitable to deal with diversity and flip it into a aid.
Co-operative precept - ANS-DISCOURSE The precept that speakers try and co-operate with
one another. When human beings take part in a communication they accomplish that on the
belief that the alternative audio system will study certain unspoken regulations. First
articulated via H.P. Grice, blanketed 4 maxims:
maxim of amount: make your contribution as informative as required
, maxim of fine: make your contribution one this is true
maxim of relation: make your contribution relevant
maxim of way: keep away from obscurity and ambiguity. Be short and orderly.
Has been criticized as being culturally biased.
Cognitive mastering principle - ANS-PSYCHOLOGY A gaining knowledge of idea that
attracts upon ideas from cognitive psychology, the branch of psychology that offers with
perception and questioning. Piaget first proposed the view that language develops out of the
child's mind and developing recognition of the world. A later model suggests that the kid
acquires language by forming and trying out hypotheses approximately the adult language it
hears around it. Has been criticized as being mechanistic, and for ignoring social and
affective factors.
Coherence - ANS-DISCOURSE How the sentences in a textual content relate to every
different.
Cohesion - ANS-DISCOURSE The use of grammatical and lexical means to achieve
connected textual content. LEXICAL: repetition, synonyms, wellknown phrases, identical
thematic field, substitution, ellipsis; GRAMMATICAL: references, substitution, ellipsis, linkers,
parallelism
collocation - ANS-VOCABULARY Words that often arise together. Can be grammatical
(collocate with specific prepositions: "account for") or lexical: "slim get away."
conversation approach - ANS-SLA Ways that freshmen get around the reality that they'll now
not recognise how to mention some thing, however that help the learner achieve their
intended message: paraphrase, phrase coinage, foreignizing a word, approximation,
all-reason phrases, language-switching, paralinguistics, attractive for assist.
Communicative activity - ANS-METHODOLOGY Activity wherein real communication
happens. Key features: purposefulness, reciprocity, negotiation, unpredictability,
heterogeneity, synchronicity.
Communicative approach - ANS-METHODOLOGY An umbrella time period used to describe
a major shift in language teaching that happened in Europe inside the Nineteen Seventies.
Shift away from language structures and closer to how those structures are used in real
verbal exchange. Linguistic competience replaced with awareness on communicative
competence. Directly associated with useful-notional syllabus.
Communicative competence - ANS-LINGUISTICS First proposed by using Dell Hymes, what
you know so that you can be able to talk effectively. The term contrasts with linguistic
competence (Chomsky). Hymes delivered the notion of appropriacy.
Community language learning - ANS-METHODOLOGY Also referred to as counseling
gaining knowledge of, a teaching technique developed by means of Charles Curran within
the 70s inside the US. The newbies (clients) take a seat in a circle having a conversation.
They visit the trainer-knower, who is outside the circle, to help formulate each utterance. The
Accomodation - ANS-PHONOLOGY Squeezing syllables in an utterance into the equal
quantity of time in order that they occupy the identical period of time.
Acculturation - ANS-SLA The technique via which a person integrates into a selected
lifestyle. One of the first theories of SLA that tried to prioritize social factors over in simple
terms cognitive ones. It has been partly rehabilitated beneath the name socialization.
Accuracy - ANS-SLA The quantity to which a learner's use of a second language conforms
to the rules of the language. Once notion to be a precondition for fluency.
Fulfillment take a look at - ANS-TESTING A shape of assessment administered at the quit of
a route to screen the mastering procedure. Also referred to as summative tests.
Fulfillment check - ANS-TESTING Designed to test what rookies have learned over a week,
month, time period or complete route. Because ___ ___s are without delay associated with
the content of the teaching program, they provide comments at the teaching-gaining
knowledge of method, and are consequently useful records for course assessment.
Action studies - ANS-METHODOLOGY A shape of trainer-pushed research, the dual goals
of that are to improve study room exercise, and to 'empower' instructors. Typically inspired
much less via the choice to reply the 'large' questions than by the want to remedy a selected
coaching trouble within the nearby context.
Planning->performing->staring at->reflecting
young people - ANS-METHODOLOGY The perfect time to examine a second language. This
age organization has a tendency to outperform adults and to progress greater swiftly than
younger newbies.
Have an effect on - ANS-PSYCHOLOGY The fashionable word for emotion or feelings.
These elements positively or negatively have an impact on language getting to know. Often
contrasted with cognitive elements which include intelligence and getting to know style. Low
___ive clear out=emotionally well-disposed to processing input High ___ive=may not method
input so effecitively.
Affix, affixation - ANS-VOCABULARY An detail this is delivered to a word and which
modifications its that means. The system of doing this.
Affordance - ANS-LINGUISTICS The language mastering opportunities that exist in a
learner's linguistic 'environment.' Maximized with meaningful activities and giving
inexperienced persons feedback.
,Corporation - ANS-METHODOLOGY Control of your own moves, consisting of your
intellectual interest. A notion from vital pedagogy. Learners aren't items of the coaching
manner; they are subjects of the mastering process. A thing that contributes to motivation.
Allophone - ANS-PHONOLOGY A phonetic version of the same phoneme. Does now not
affect meaning.
Carried out linguistics - ANS-LINGUISTICS Concerned with the software of linguistic theory
to solving language-associated issues inside the actual global. Language making plans,
speech remedy, lexcography, translation research, forensic linguistics.
Appraisal - ANS-LINGUISTICS Also called stance; the way speakers and writers use
language to explicit their private mind-set to what is being said or written; one of the major
approaches that language's interpersonal feature is realized; consists of 3 classes: have an
effect on (personal emotions), judgment (social values and social esteem), appreciation
(reviews). These can all be expressed lexically, grammatically or via the use of paralinguistic
gadgets.
Appropriacy - ANS-SOCIOLINGUISTICS Using language in a manner this is suitable for the
context and in a manner that meets the expectancies of the humans you are speaking with.
An component of sociolinguistic competence, which is a component of a speaker's standard
communicative competence. (Dell Hymes)
appropriation - ANS-SLA To make some thing your very own. Gaining possession of a skill
through first doing it with someone who's greater skilled than you're till you could manipulate
or regulate the talent yourself. A key idea in sociocultural gaining knowledge of concept.
Language is not clearly a conduct this is conditioned through repeated practice, but that it's
miles certainly one of collaborative construction, in which abilties are transferred in
socially-situated interest.
Aptitude - ANS-PSYCHOLOGY The innate skills or predisposition for language gaining
knowledge of. 3 kinds of ability: auditory, linguistic, memory.
ARC - ANS-METHODOLOGY Lesson design proposed with the aid of Jim Scrivener that
specializes in actual language use, restricted language use and then rationalization. These
levels may be rearranged and occur regularly within one lesson.
Thing - ANS-GRAMMAR The way the speaker's 'view' of an occasion is expressed through
the verb phrase, regardless of the time of the event itself. 2 of these in English: modern and
perfect.
Assimiliation - ANS-PHONOLOGY When a valid is modified by way of a neighboring sound,
inclusive of when the final /n/ of green is observed by using a /p/, and is reported /m/; /t/
/d/=/p//b/; /t//d/=/k//g/
audiolingualism - ANS-METHODOLOGY Became significant inside the US in the Nineteen
Fifties and 60s. Distinctive function=drilling of sentence patterns. Came from a view of
mastering as addiction formation (behaviorism). Spoken language changed into prioritized;
,translation and using metalanguage have been discouraged; accuracy became considered a
precondition for fluency. Shot down by means of Chomsky within the early 60s and the
beginning of mentalism.
Authenticity - ANS-LINGUISTICS Became a priority with the communicative technique. The
idea of "grade the challenge, no longer the textual content" was born. This sort of interaction
is each extra communicative and offers greater affordances for mastering.
Automaticity - ANS-PSYCHOLOGY The ability to carry out a assignment while not having to
attention interest on it. This frees a learner's restrained attentional sources for greater
stressful sports. A technique of putting in place chunks and institutions that hyperlink one
step with any other. This doesn't mean a sacrifice of accuracy. When chunks of language are
produced in a pre-assembled form, the speaker has a great deal much less risk of creating
mistakes.
Autonomy - ANS-PSYCHOLOGY Also known as self-directed gaining knowledge of. The
capability to take obligation in your very own gaining knowledge of.
Avoidance method - ANS-SLA Abandoning a message or changing an original messae with
one that is much less formidable.
Backwash - ANS-TESTING The manner a check impacts the school room coaching that
leads as much as it.
Behaviorism - ANS-PSYCHOLOGY A mental theory famous in the mid-20th century that
viewed gaining knowledge of as a kind of habit formation and wonderful reinforcement.
Audiolingualism is the coaching technique that is associated with this.
Stimulus-reaction-reinforcement.
This concept rejected any position, in mastering, for intellectual approaches such as notion
and reasoning.
Bilingualism - ANS-SLA At one factor it became taken into consideration a handicap to 2nd
language novices due to the fact that (according to behaviorist theory) the first language
interferes with the second. ADDITIVE=second language delivered to first with out
threatening the speaker's first language identification; SUBTRACTIVE=the second one
language replaces the primary, threatening the speaker's language identity.
Vast-band curriculum - ANS-METHODOLOGY Curriculum wherein objectives are broadly
recognized, eg in phrases of standard abilities. Allows each learner to contribute to the
satisfactory of his/her competencies. Also permits for the teaching and getting to know of lots
of language areas simultaneously. Learning is regarded as holistic, emergent and
concurrent. Better suitable to deal with diversity and flip it into a aid.
Co-operative precept - ANS-DISCOURSE The precept that speakers try and co-operate with
one another. When human beings take part in a communication they accomplish that on the
belief that the alternative audio system will study certain unspoken regulations. First
articulated via H.P. Grice, blanketed 4 maxims:
maxim of amount: make your contribution as informative as required
, maxim of fine: make your contribution one this is true
maxim of relation: make your contribution relevant
maxim of way: keep away from obscurity and ambiguity. Be short and orderly.
Has been criticized as being culturally biased.
Cognitive mastering principle - ANS-PSYCHOLOGY A gaining knowledge of idea that
attracts upon ideas from cognitive psychology, the branch of psychology that offers with
perception and questioning. Piaget first proposed the view that language develops out of the
child's mind and developing recognition of the world. A later model suggests that the kid
acquires language by forming and trying out hypotheses approximately the adult language it
hears around it. Has been criticized as being mechanistic, and for ignoring social and
affective factors.
Coherence - ANS-DISCOURSE How the sentences in a textual content relate to every
different.
Cohesion - ANS-DISCOURSE The use of grammatical and lexical means to achieve
connected textual content. LEXICAL: repetition, synonyms, wellknown phrases, identical
thematic field, substitution, ellipsis; GRAMMATICAL: references, substitution, ellipsis, linkers,
parallelism
collocation - ANS-VOCABULARY Words that often arise together. Can be grammatical
(collocate with specific prepositions: "account for") or lexical: "slim get away."
conversation approach - ANS-SLA Ways that freshmen get around the reality that they'll now
not recognise how to mention some thing, however that help the learner achieve their
intended message: paraphrase, phrase coinage, foreignizing a word, approximation,
all-reason phrases, language-switching, paralinguistics, attractive for assist.
Communicative activity - ANS-METHODOLOGY Activity wherein real communication
happens. Key features: purposefulness, reciprocity, negotiation, unpredictability,
heterogeneity, synchronicity.
Communicative approach - ANS-METHODOLOGY An umbrella time period used to describe
a major shift in language teaching that happened in Europe inside the Nineteen Seventies.
Shift away from language structures and closer to how those structures are used in real
verbal exchange. Linguistic competience replaced with awareness on communicative
competence. Directly associated with useful-notional syllabus.
Communicative competence - ANS-LINGUISTICS First proposed by using Dell Hymes, what
you know so that you can be able to talk effectively. The term contrasts with linguistic
competence (Chomsky). Hymes delivered the notion of appropriacy.
Community language learning - ANS-METHODOLOGY Also referred to as counseling
gaining knowledge of, a teaching technique developed by means of Charles Curran within
the 70s inside the US. The newbies (clients) take a seat in a circle having a conversation.
They visit the trainer-knower, who is outside the circle, to help formulate each utterance. The
