WGU WGU
D236WGU
D236
Pathophysiology
D236
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology
– Study
– Study
Guide
– Study
Guide
on Homeostasis,
Guide
on Homeostasis,
on Homeostasis,
Cellular
Cellular
Processes,
Cellular
Processes,
Processes,
Musculoskeletal,
Musculoskeletal,
Musculoskeletal,
Integumentary
Integumentary
Integumentary
& Neurological
& Neurological
& Neurological
Systems.pdf
Systems.pdf
Systems.pdf
WGU D236
Pathophysiology –
Study Guide on
Homeostasis,
Cellular Processes,
Musculoskeletal,
Integumentary &
Neurological
Systems
WGU WGU
D236WGU
D236
Pathophysiology
D236
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology
– Study
– Study
Guide
– Study
Guide
on Homeostasis,
Guide
on Homeostasis,
on Homeostasis,
Cellular
Cellular
Processes,
Cellular
Processes,
Processes,
Musculoskeletal,
Musculoskeletal,
Musculoskeletal,
Integumentary
Integumentary
Integumentary
& Neurological
& Neurological
& Neurological
Systems.pdf
Systems.pdf
Systems.pdf
,WGU Pathophysiology D236_ Study Guide on Homeostasis,
WGUCellular
Pathophysiology
Processes, Musculoskeletal
D236_ Study Guide
System,
on Homeostasis,
Integumentary
WGU
Cellular
System,
Pathophysiology
Processes,
and Neurology.pdf
Musculoskeletal
D236_ Study Guide
System,
on Homeostasis,
IntegumentaryCellular
System, Processes,
and Neurology.pdf
Musculoskeletal System, Integumentary System, and Neurology.pdf
Terms in this set (224)
Intracellular fluid (ICF) Fluid inside cells, comprising 40% of adult weight
Extracellular fluid (ECF) Fluid outside cells, with 20% of body weight
Interstitial fluid (ISF) Fluid between cells and vessels, 40% of body weight
Osmotic pressure Pressure from solutes pulling water across compartments
Oncotic pressure Pressure from albumin keeping water in blood vessels
Major solutes in the body Include albumin, Na+, K+, Po4-, Mg++, Ca++, and HCO3-
Isotonic solution Solution with same tonicity as blood, like 0.9% NaCl
Hypotonic solution Solution with fewer particles than blood, shifts water into cells
Hypertonic solution Solution with more particles than blood, shifts water out of cells
WGU Pathophysiology D236_ Study Guide on Homeostasis,
WGUCellular
Pathophysiology
Processes, Musculoskeletal
D236_ Study Guide
System,
on Homeostasis,
Integumentary
WGU
Cellular
System,
Pathophysiology
Processes,
and Neurology.pdf
Musculoskeletal
D236_ Study Guide
System,
on Homeostasis,
IntegumentaryCellular
System, Processes,
and Neurology.pdf
Musculoskeletal System, Integumentary System, and Neurology.pdf
,WGU Pathophysiology D236_ Study Guide on Homeostasis,
WGUCellular
Pathophysiology
Processes, Musculoskeletal
D236_ Study Guide
System,
on Homeostasis,
Integumentary
WGU
Cellular
System,
Pathophysiology
Processes,
and Neurology.pdf
Musculoskeletal
D236_ Study Guide
System,
on Homeostasis,
IntegumentaryCellular
System, Processes,
and Neurology.pdf
Musculoskeletal System, Integumentary System, and Neurology.pdf
Starling's law of capillary forces Balances hydrostatic and oncotic pressures in capillaries
RAAS system Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system for blood volume regulation
Acid Donates hydrogen ions in a solution, exists in volatile and non-volatile forms
Base Accepts hydrogen ions, can be alkaline or basic
Carbonic Acid Formed when CO2 mixes with H2O in blood
pH scale Measures H+ ions, high pH is alkaline, low pH is acidic
Buffer Regulates acid/base balance by absorbing or donating H+ ions
Protein buffering system Largest buffering system
Is an amino carboxyl group
Able to absorb or donate H+ ions as needed
The primary protein Hemoglobin
Phosphate buffering system Regulates intracellular environment
Can take on acidic form or a basic form
WGU Pathophysiology D236_ Study Guide on Homeostasis,
WGUCellular
Pathophysiology
Processes, Musculoskeletal
D236_ Study Guide
System,
on Homeostasis,
Integumentary
WGU
Cellular
System,
Pathophysiology
Processes,
and Neurology.pdf
Musculoskeletal
D236_ Study Guide
System,
on Homeostasis,
IntegumentaryCellular
System, Processes,
and Neurology.pdf
Musculoskeletal System, Integumentary System, and Neurology.pdf
, WGU Pathophysiology D236_ Study Guide on Homeostasis,
WGUCellular
Pathophysiology
Processes, Musculoskeletal
D236_ Study Guide
System,
on Homeostasis,
Integumentary
WGU
Cellular
System,
Pathophysiology
Processes,
and Neurology.pdf
Musculoskeletal
D236_ Study Guide
System,
on Homeostasis,
IntegumentaryCellular
System, Processes,
and Neurology.pdf
Musculoskeletal System, Integumentary System, and Neurology.pdf
Carbonic acid/bicarbonate The equation CO2+H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ +HCO3-
Used by the kidneys and the lungs as compensation for high CO2 or High
bicarbonate.
When CO2 is high(Low pH) H+ is converted to CO2 in the lungs. And Bicarbonate
is released to compensate for high acidity.
When HCO3 is high (High pH) HCO3 can be released by the kidney's
Third-spacing when, during illness, fluid fills spaces and cavities of the body that typically would
not contain fluid.
Is edema caused by third-spacing third-spacing would cause edema because of the fluid that is filling the cavity or
space due to illness or injury.
Hyponatremia Lack of Sodium
Symptoms
-Confusion
o Fatigue
o Nausea
o headache
- Slow reintroduction of Sodium with a hypertonic solution. Fast fluid shift could
cause long term neurological repercussions. Encourage sodium intake
WGU Pathophysiology D236_ Study Guide on Homeostasis,
WGUCellular
Pathophysiology
Processes, Musculoskeletal
D236_ Study Guide
System,
on Homeostasis,
Integumentary
WGU
Cellular
System,
Pathophysiology
Processes,
and Neurology.pdf
Musculoskeletal
D236_ Study Guide
System,
on Homeostasis,
IntegumentaryCellular
System, Processes,
and Neurology.pdf
Musculoskeletal System, Integumentary System, and Neurology.pdf
D236WGU
D236
Pathophysiology
D236
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology
– Study
– Study
Guide
– Study
Guide
on Homeostasis,
Guide
on Homeostasis,
on Homeostasis,
Cellular
Cellular
Processes,
Cellular
Processes,
Processes,
Musculoskeletal,
Musculoskeletal,
Musculoskeletal,
Integumentary
Integumentary
Integumentary
& Neurological
& Neurological
& Neurological
Systems.pdf
Systems.pdf
Systems.pdf
WGU D236
Pathophysiology –
Study Guide on
Homeostasis,
Cellular Processes,
Musculoskeletal,
Integumentary &
Neurological
Systems
WGU WGU
D236WGU
D236
Pathophysiology
D236
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology
– Study
– Study
Guide
– Study
Guide
on Homeostasis,
Guide
on Homeostasis,
on Homeostasis,
Cellular
Cellular
Processes,
Cellular
Processes,
Processes,
Musculoskeletal,
Musculoskeletal,
Musculoskeletal,
Integumentary
Integumentary
Integumentary
& Neurological
& Neurological
& Neurological
Systems.pdf
Systems.pdf
Systems.pdf
,WGU Pathophysiology D236_ Study Guide on Homeostasis,
WGUCellular
Pathophysiology
Processes, Musculoskeletal
D236_ Study Guide
System,
on Homeostasis,
Integumentary
WGU
Cellular
System,
Pathophysiology
Processes,
and Neurology.pdf
Musculoskeletal
D236_ Study Guide
System,
on Homeostasis,
IntegumentaryCellular
System, Processes,
and Neurology.pdf
Musculoskeletal System, Integumentary System, and Neurology.pdf
Terms in this set (224)
Intracellular fluid (ICF) Fluid inside cells, comprising 40% of adult weight
Extracellular fluid (ECF) Fluid outside cells, with 20% of body weight
Interstitial fluid (ISF) Fluid between cells and vessels, 40% of body weight
Osmotic pressure Pressure from solutes pulling water across compartments
Oncotic pressure Pressure from albumin keeping water in blood vessels
Major solutes in the body Include albumin, Na+, K+, Po4-, Mg++, Ca++, and HCO3-
Isotonic solution Solution with same tonicity as blood, like 0.9% NaCl
Hypotonic solution Solution with fewer particles than blood, shifts water into cells
Hypertonic solution Solution with more particles than blood, shifts water out of cells
WGU Pathophysiology D236_ Study Guide on Homeostasis,
WGUCellular
Pathophysiology
Processes, Musculoskeletal
D236_ Study Guide
System,
on Homeostasis,
Integumentary
WGU
Cellular
System,
Pathophysiology
Processes,
and Neurology.pdf
Musculoskeletal
D236_ Study Guide
System,
on Homeostasis,
IntegumentaryCellular
System, Processes,
and Neurology.pdf
Musculoskeletal System, Integumentary System, and Neurology.pdf
,WGU Pathophysiology D236_ Study Guide on Homeostasis,
WGUCellular
Pathophysiology
Processes, Musculoskeletal
D236_ Study Guide
System,
on Homeostasis,
Integumentary
WGU
Cellular
System,
Pathophysiology
Processes,
and Neurology.pdf
Musculoskeletal
D236_ Study Guide
System,
on Homeostasis,
IntegumentaryCellular
System, Processes,
and Neurology.pdf
Musculoskeletal System, Integumentary System, and Neurology.pdf
Starling's law of capillary forces Balances hydrostatic and oncotic pressures in capillaries
RAAS system Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system for blood volume regulation
Acid Donates hydrogen ions in a solution, exists in volatile and non-volatile forms
Base Accepts hydrogen ions, can be alkaline or basic
Carbonic Acid Formed when CO2 mixes with H2O in blood
pH scale Measures H+ ions, high pH is alkaline, low pH is acidic
Buffer Regulates acid/base balance by absorbing or donating H+ ions
Protein buffering system Largest buffering system
Is an amino carboxyl group
Able to absorb or donate H+ ions as needed
The primary protein Hemoglobin
Phosphate buffering system Regulates intracellular environment
Can take on acidic form or a basic form
WGU Pathophysiology D236_ Study Guide on Homeostasis,
WGUCellular
Pathophysiology
Processes, Musculoskeletal
D236_ Study Guide
System,
on Homeostasis,
Integumentary
WGU
Cellular
System,
Pathophysiology
Processes,
and Neurology.pdf
Musculoskeletal
D236_ Study Guide
System,
on Homeostasis,
IntegumentaryCellular
System, Processes,
and Neurology.pdf
Musculoskeletal System, Integumentary System, and Neurology.pdf
, WGU Pathophysiology D236_ Study Guide on Homeostasis,
WGUCellular
Pathophysiology
Processes, Musculoskeletal
D236_ Study Guide
System,
on Homeostasis,
Integumentary
WGU
Cellular
System,
Pathophysiology
Processes,
and Neurology.pdf
Musculoskeletal
D236_ Study Guide
System,
on Homeostasis,
IntegumentaryCellular
System, Processes,
and Neurology.pdf
Musculoskeletal System, Integumentary System, and Neurology.pdf
Carbonic acid/bicarbonate The equation CO2+H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ +HCO3-
Used by the kidneys and the lungs as compensation for high CO2 or High
bicarbonate.
When CO2 is high(Low pH) H+ is converted to CO2 in the lungs. And Bicarbonate
is released to compensate for high acidity.
When HCO3 is high (High pH) HCO3 can be released by the kidney's
Third-spacing when, during illness, fluid fills spaces and cavities of the body that typically would
not contain fluid.
Is edema caused by third-spacing third-spacing would cause edema because of the fluid that is filling the cavity or
space due to illness or injury.
Hyponatremia Lack of Sodium
Symptoms
-Confusion
o Fatigue
o Nausea
o headache
- Slow reintroduction of Sodium with a hypertonic solution. Fast fluid shift could
cause long term neurological repercussions. Encourage sodium intake
WGU Pathophysiology D236_ Study Guide on Homeostasis,
WGUCellular
Pathophysiology
Processes, Musculoskeletal
D236_ Study Guide
System,
on Homeostasis,
Integumentary
WGU
Cellular
System,
Pathophysiology
Processes,
and Neurology.pdf
Musculoskeletal
D236_ Study Guide
System,
on Homeostasis,
IntegumentaryCellular
System, Processes,
and Neurology.pdf
Musculoskeletal System, Integumentary System, and Neurology.pdf
