BIO WGU STUDY FOR OA C190 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
Adaptation-
The adjustment or changes in behavior, physiology, and structure of an organism to
become more suited to an environment.
Aerobic-
A process that requires oxygen.
Allele -An alternative form of a gene. An example would be genes that encode eye
color—some encode blue eyes (one allele), while others encode brown, green, or hazel
eye colors (other alleles).
amino acids -
A small organic molecule with the structure of an amino group, a carboxylic acid group,
and an "R" group, which are all bonded to a single central carbon atom. The difference
between the "R" group is what distinguishes one amino acid from another. Amino acids
are the building blocks of proteins.
Anaerobic-
A process that occurs without oxygen.
,Anaphase-
A stage within the mitosis phase of cell division (also known as cell reproduction).
Anaphase starts when sister chromatids separate from each other and ends when each
set of separated, sister chromatids arrives at the opposite poles of the cell.
anaphase I-
The third stage of Meiosis I—the two homologous chromosomes separate and migrate
toward opposite poles.
anaphase II-
The third stage in Meiosis II—the centromeres separate and the sister chromatids (now
individual chromosomes) move toward the opposite poles of the cell.
artificial selection-
Deliberate mating between two individuals who were selected based on desired traits.
asexual reproduction -
A type of reproduction where genetically identical offspring are created from a single
parent. This type of reproduction does not utilize meiosis or gametes. Bacteria
and fungi are examples of organisms that reproduce in this manner.
,Atom-
The basic unit of matter that cannot be further broken down without losing its unique
properties. One atom consists of a dense nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons.
Autosomal-
Describes a trait associated with alleles located on autosomes (non sex chromosomes).
autosomal chromosome-
A chromosome not involved in sex determination.
biogeochemical cycle-
The processes that transfer chemical elements between biotic and abiotic components
in an ecosystem. There are several main cycles: the water cycle, the carbon cycle, the
nitrogen cycle, and the phosphorus cycle.
Biome-
A large naturally occurring community of plants and animals occupying a major habitat.
Examples include tropical forest and arctic tundra.
Biomes-
A pattern of distribution of ecosystems across the globe, where similar environmental
conditions lead to similar animal and plant adaptations. Examples of biomes include
tropical rainforests, deserts, and tundra.
, biosphere-
All areas on, within, and around the planet Earth that are capable of supporting life.
Calvin cycle (Calvin-Ben
son cycle or light-independent reaction)- The set of chemical reactions that take place in
chloroplasts during photosynthesis. The cycle is light-independent because it takes
place after the energy has been captured from sunlight. Also called Calvin-Benson
Cycle, Benson-Calvin Cycle.
Carbohydrates-
The extracellular surface of the cell membrane is decorated with carbohydrate groups
attached to lipids and proteins. These short carbohydrates play a role in giving a cell its
identity (i.e., distinguishing self from non-self) and are the distinguishing factor in human
blood types.
carbon cycle-
The biogeochemical cycle through which carbon flows between the atmosphere, water,
land, and ecosystems.
cell cycle-
A Series Of Phases In The Life Of The Cell Through Which It Grows And Divides.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
Adaptation-
The adjustment or changes in behavior, physiology, and structure of an organism to
become more suited to an environment.
Aerobic-
A process that requires oxygen.
Allele -An alternative form of a gene. An example would be genes that encode eye
color—some encode blue eyes (one allele), while others encode brown, green, or hazel
eye colors (other alleles).
amino acids -
A small organic molecule with the structure of an amino group, a carboxylic acid group,
and an "R" group, which are all bonded to a single central carbon atom. The difference
between the "R" group is what distinguishes one amino acid from another. Amino acids
are the building blocks of proteins.
Anaerobic-
A process that occurs without oxygen.
,Anaphase-
A stage within the mitosis phase of cell division (also known as cell reproduction).
Anaphase starts when sister chromatids separate from each other and ends when each
set of separated, sister chromatids arrives at the opposite poles of the cell.
anaphase I-
The third stage of Meiosis I—the two homologous chromosomes separate and migrate
toward opposite poles.
anaphase II-
The third stage in Meiosis II—the centromeres separate and the sister chromatids (now
individual chromosomes) move toward the opposite poles of the cell.
artificial selection-
Deliberate mating between two individuals who were selected based on desired traits.
asexual reproduction -
A type of reproduction where genetically identical offspring are created from a single
parent. This type of reproduction does not utilize meiosis or gametes. Bacteria
and fungi are examples of organisms that reproduce in this manner.
,Atom-
The basic unit of matter that cannot be further broken down without losing its unique
properties. One atom consists of a dense nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons.
Autosomal-
Describes a trait associated with alleles located on autosomes (non sex chromosomes).
autosomal chromosome-
A chromosome not involved in sex determination.
biogeochemical cycle-
The processes that transfer chemical elements between biotic and abiotic components
in an ecosystem. There are several main cycles: the water cycle, the carbon cycle, the
nitrogen cycle, and the phosphorus cycle.
Biome-
A large naturally occurring community of plants and animals occupying a major habitat.
Examples include tropical forest and arctic tundra.
Biomes-
A pattern of distribution of ecosystems across the globe, where similar environmental
conditions lead to similar animal and plant adaptations. Examples of biomes include
tropical rainforests, deserts, and tundra.
, biosphere-
All areas on, within, and around the planet Earth that are capable of supporting life.
Calvin cycle (Calvin-Ben
son cycle or light-independent reaction)- The set of chemical reactions that take place in
chloroplasts during photosynthesis. The cycle is light-independent because it takes
place after the energy has been captured from sunlight. Also called Calvin-Benson
Cycle, Benson-Calvin Cycle.
Carbohydrates-
The extracellular surface of the cell membrane is decorated with carbohydrate groups
attached to lipids and proteins. These short carbohydrates play a role in giving a cell its
identity (i.e., distinguishing self from non-self) and are the distinguishing factor in human
blood types.
carbon cycle-
The biogeochemical cycle through which carbon flows between the atmosphere, water,
land, and ecosystems.
cell cycle-
A Series Of Phases In The Life Of The Cell Through Which It Grows And Divides.
