,Aysha Eiman Akmal Page 1 IGCSE Edexcel Biology
1 - THE NATURE & VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS 3
(a) Characteristics of Living Organisms 3
(b) Variety of Living Organisms 4
Eukaryotic Organisms 4
Prokaryotic Organisms 5
Pathogens 5
2 - STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS IN LIVING ORGANISMS 6
(a) Level of Organisation 6
(b) Cell Structure 7
Cell Differentiation 7
Stem Cells 8
(c) Biological Molecules 9
Carbohydrates 9
Proteins 9
Lipids 9
Practical: Food Tests 10
Enzymes 10
(d) Movement in & out of cells 13
Methods of Transport 13
What affects rate of movement? 13
Practical: Diffusion & Osmosis 14
(e) Nutrition 16
Flowering Plants 16
Humans 19
Digestive System 20
(f) Respiration 23
ATP 23
Types of Respiration 23
Practical: Investigating Respiration 24
(g) Gas Exchange 25
Flowering Plants 25
Humans Respiratory System 28
(h) Transport 31
Methods of Transport 31
Flowering Plants 31
Humans 35
(i) Excretion 40
Flowering Plants 40
Humans 40
The Urinary System 40
(j) Coordination & Response 44
Coordination & Response: Intro 44
Coordination & Response: Flowering Plants 44
,Aysha Eiman Akmal Page 2 IGCSE Edexcel Biology
Coordination & Response: Humans 46
3 - REPRODUCTION & INHERITANCE 52
(a) Reproduction 52
Reproduction in Flowering Plants 53
Reproduction in Humans 54
(b) Inheritance 57
Genes, Chromosomes & DNA 57
Nucleic Acids 57
Protein Synthesis 58
Inheritance & Genetics 58
4 - ECOLOGY & THE ENVIRONMENT 60
(a) The organism in the environment 60
Organism in the Environment 60
Biodiversity 60
Population Size 61
(b) Feeding Relationships 62
Feeding Relationships 62
Energy Transfer 64
(c) Cycles within Ecosystems 65
Carbon Cycles 65
Nitrogen Cycles 65
Water Cycle 66
(d) Human Influences on the Environment 67
Air Pollution 67
The Greenhouse Effect 67
Water Pollution 68
Deforestation 69
5 - USE OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 70
(a) Food Production 70
Crop Plants: Climate 70
Crop Plants: Fertiliser & Pests 71
Micro-organisms: Yeast in food production 72
Micro-organisms: Making Yoghurt 73
Micro-organisms: Culturing Microorganisms 74
Micro-organisms: Fish Farming 74
(b) Selective Breeding 76
Plants 76
Animals 76
(c) Genetic Modification 77
Genetic Engineering 77
Genetic Modified Organisms 78
, Aysha Eiman Akmal Page 3 IGCSE Edexcel Biology
1 - !e nature & variety of living organisms
(a) Characteristics of Living Organisms
Living organisms share the following characteristics:
1 - Movement 2 - Respiration
An action by an organism or part Chemical reactions that break
of an organism that causes a down nutrient molecules in
change in position or place living cells to release energy
3 - Sensitivity 4 - Homeostasis
Ability to detect stimuli in The ability to control
their surroundings and to their internal conditions.
make responses
5 - Growth 6 - Reproduction
Permanent increase in size and dry mass by Processes that make
an increase in number of cells, cell size or more of the same kind
both
7 - Excretion 8 - Nutrition
Removal of toxic materials from organisms. The taking in of materials
Waste products of metabolism and for energy, growth and
substances in excess development
MRS H GREN
1 - THE NATURE & VARIETY OF LIVING ORGANISMS 3
(a) Characteristics of Living Organisms 3
(b) Variety of Living Organisms 4
Eukaryotic Organisms 4
Prokaryotic Organisms 5
Pathogens 5
2 - STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS IN LIVING ORGANISMS 6
(a) Level of Organisation 6
(b) Cell Structure 7
Cell Differentiation 7
Stem Cells 8
(c) Biological Molecules 9
Carbohydrates 9
Proteins 9
Lipids 9
Practical: Food Tests 10
Enzymes 10
(d) Movement in & out of cells 13
Methods of Transport 13
What affects rate of movement? 13
Practical: Diffusion & Osmosis 14
(e) Nutrition 16
Flowering Plants 16
Humans 19
Digestive System 20
(f) Respiration 23
ATP 23
Types of Respiration 23
Practical: Investigating Respiration 24
(g) Gas Exchange 25
Flowering Plants 25
Humans Respiratory System 28
(h) Transport 31
Methods of Transport 31
Flowering Plants 31
Humans 35
(i) Excretion 40
Flowering Plants 40
Humans 40
The Urinary System 40
(j) Coordination & Response 44
Coordination & Response: Intro 44
Coordination & Response: Flowering Plants 44
,Aysha Eiman Akmal Page 2 IGCSE Edexcel Biology
Coordination & Response: Humans 46
3 - REPRODUCTION & INHERITANCE 52
(a) Reproduction 52
Reproduction in Flowering Plants 53
Reproduction in Humans 54
(b) Inheritance 57
Genes, Chromosomes & DNA 57
Nucleic Acids 57
Protein Synthesis 58
Inheritance & Genetics 58
4 - ECOLOGY & THE ENVIRONMENT 60
(a) The organism in the environment 60
Organism in the Environment 60
Biodiversity 60
Population Size 61
(b) Feeding Relationships 62
Feeding Relationships 62
Energy Transfer 64
(c) Cycles within Ecosystems 65
Carbon Cycles 65
Nitrogen Cycles 65
Water Cycle 66
(d) Human Influences on the Environment 67
Air Pollution 67
The Greenhouse Effect 67
Water Pollution 68
Deforestation 69
5 - USE OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 70
(a) Food Production 70
Crop Plants: Climate 70
Crop Plants: Fertiliser & Pests 71
Micro-organisms: Yeast in food production 72
Micro-organisms: Making Yoghurt 73
Micro-organisms: Culturing Microorganisms 74
Micro-organisms: Fish Farming 74
(b) Selective Breeding 76
Plants 76
Animals 76
(c) Genetic Modification 77
Genetic Engineering 77
Genetic Modified Organisms 78
, Aysha Eiman Akmal Page 3 IGCSE Edexcel Biology
1 - !e nature & variety of living organisms
(a) Characteristics of Living Organisms
Living organisms share the following characteristics:
1 - Movement 2 - Respiration
An action by an organism or part Chemical reactions that break
of an organism that causes a down nutrient molecules in
change in position or place living cells to release energy
3 - Sensitivity 4 - Homeostasis
Ability to detect stimuli in The ability to control
their surroundings and to their internal conditions.
make responses
5 - Growth 6 - Reproduction
Permanent increase in size and dry mass by Processes that make
an increase in number of cells, cell size or more of the same kind
both
7 - Excretion 8 - Nutrition
Removal of toxic materials from organisms. The taking in of materials
Waste products of metabolism and for energy, growth and
substances in excess development
MRS H GREN
