Radiation Oncology Certification
2026/2027 With Questions And
Answers Written Correctly
In 1895, Wilhelm Roentgen discovered radiograph after taking an xray of his wife finger with a ring on it.
- correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔
In 1896, French physicist Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity and later its biological effects. -
correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔
In 1922, Henri Coutard presented that fractionated radiotherapy was used to cure advanced cancer of
the larynx without significant harm. - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔
Today, nearly 2/3 of of patients with cancer will receive radiation therapy whether to cure cancer or
relieve pain associated with cancer,( ASTRO, 2015) - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔
radiation therapy - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔is a modality that uses high energy radiation
and changed particles to destroy cells by damaging its DNA
High energy photon beams( x-ray or gamma rays) - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔Damage the
DNA directly
Changed particles( electron or proton beams) - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔release free
radicals which in turn damage the DNA
Damaged cells die immediately or overtime - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔The body eliminates
the dead cells and the healthy cells recover
,Ionized radiation - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔is radiation with enough energy to remove
electrons from the orbit of an atom, causing it to become charged(ionized) This occurs as waves or
particles.
Waves - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔Electromagnetic radiation-shorter wave length/higher
frequency waves have greater energy than the converse.
X-rays - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔Photons generated from a machine ( Linear accelerator)
Gamma - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔Photons from a radioactive source( cobalt-60and
others)
Particulate - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔Consisting of atomic and subatomic particles(WHO
2017) Such as Alpha, Electrons, Beta, Protons, Neutrons)
Variety of radiation sources - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔Xray or Photons, Gamma rays,
electrons, protons, neutrons
Xray or Photons - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔Penetrates deeply and reach internal organs(
linear accelerator)
Gamma rays - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔From a radioactive source( eg cobalt 60)
Historically this was a revolutionary advance in radiotherapy post-WWII
Gamma knife therapy
Electrons - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔superficial targets such as the skin
protons - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔penetrates tissue to a variable depth depending on the
energy, leading to a rapid falloff, decreasing radiation to normal tissue
(cyclotron)
,Neutron( carbon ions) - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔
Which radiation source produces protons? - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔Cyclotrons
Different modalities and methods include - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔EBRT, Internal
radiation(brachy) and systemic radiation
External Beam (EBRT) - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔Source of radiation outside the body
Internal radiation (brachytherapy) - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔Solid or liquid radioactive
source placed in or near the treatment area ( can be temporary or permanent)
Low dose rate (LDR)
High dose rate (HDR)
systemic radiation therapy - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔radiopharmaceuticals given via
mouth or IV
Isotopes - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔Atoms of the same element that have different
numbers of neutrons
Principles of radioactivity - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔isotopes
can be one or two or more forms of the same element( different mass numbers) but have identical
chemical and biologic properties
each form can be stable or unstable
becqueral(bq)
gray(Gy)
sievert(Sv)
becqueral(bq) - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔the rate of nuclear transformation measured as 1
radioactive disintegration per second
, Gray(Gy) - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔unit of absorbed radiation dose, defines as 1 joule of
energy into 1 kilogram of mass
Sievert(Sv) - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔the SI unit measuring the biological effect of
radiation on the body, depending on the amount absorbed dose and the intensity of ionization in living
cells, also known as equivalent dose
Radiobiology is the study of - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔effects of ionizing radiation on
biological tissue. its effect vary from individual cell components to the entire organisms
The nature and severity of effects depend upon... - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔type and
amount of radiation absorbed and amount of radiation absorbed and the rate of its delivery to tissues.
radiation is nonselective for site or structure, - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔meaning there is
no specificity for tumor cells. DNA is a critical target for radiation damage, leading to cell alterations or
death.
physical stage - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔ionization of atoms occurs
Radiochemical stage - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔Free radicals form
biologic stage - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔damage to critical
Cells may respond to irradiation in a variety of ways - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔* no
effect/injury
* injury is repaired and cell functions
* injury is misrepaired and cell malfunctions
*cell death
2026/2027 With Questions And
Answers Written Correctly
In 1895, Wilhelm Roentgen discovered radiograph after taking an xray of his wife finger with a ring on it.
- correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔
In 1896, French physicist Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity and later its biological effects. -
correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔
In 1922, Henri Coutard presented that fractionated radiotherapy was used to cure advanced cancer of
the larynx without significant harm. - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔
Today, nearly 2/3 of of patients with cancer will receive radiation therapy whether to cure cancer or
relieve pain associated with cancer,( ASTRO, 2015) - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔
radiation therapy - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔is a modality that uses high energy radiation
and changed particles to destroy cells by damaging its DNA
High energy photon beams( x-ray or gamma rays) - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔Damage the
DNA directly
Changed particles( electron or proton beams) - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔release free
radicals which in turn damage the DNA
Damaged cells die immediately or overtime - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔The body eliminates
the dead cells and the healthy cells recover
,Ionized radiation - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔is radiation with enough energy to remove
electrons from the orbit of an atom, causing it to become charged(ionized) This occurs as waves or
particles.
Waves - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔Electromagnetic radiation-shorter wave length/higher
frequency waves have greater energy than the converse.
X-rays - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔Photons generated from a machine ( Linear accelerator)
Gamma - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔Photons from a radioactive source( cobalt-60and
others)
Particulate - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔Consisting of atomic and subatomic particles(WHO
2017) Such as Alpha, Electrons, Beta, Protons, Neutrons)
Variety of radiation sources - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔Xray or Photons, Gamma rays,
electrons, protons, neutrons
Xray or Photons - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔Penetrates deeply and reach internal organs(
linear accelerator)
Gamma rays - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔From a radioactive source( eg cobalt 60)
Historically this was a revolutionary advance in radiotherapy post-WWII
Gamma knife therapy
Electrons - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔superficial targets such as the skin
protons - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔penetrates tissue to a variable depth depending on the
energy, leading to a rapid falloff, decreasing radiation to normal tissue
(cyclotron)
,Neutron( carbon ions) - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔
Which radiation source produces protons? - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔Cyclotrons
Different modalities and methods include - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔EBRT, Internal
radiation(brachy) and systemic radiation
External Beam (EBRT) - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔Source of radiation outside the body
Internal radiation (brachytherapy) - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔Solid or liquid radioactive
source placed in or near the treatment area ( can be temporary or permanent)
Low dose rate (LDR)
High dose rate (HDR)
systemic radiation therapy - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔radiopharmaceuticals given via
mouth or IV
Isotopes - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔Atoms of the same element that have different
numbers of neutrons
Principles of radioactivity - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔isotopes
can be one or two or more forms of the same element( different mass numbers) but have identical
chemical and biologic properties
each form can be stable or unstable
becqueral(bq)
gray(Gy)
sievert(Sv)
becqueral(bq) - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔the rate of nuclear transformation measured as 1
radioactive disintegration per second
, Gray(Gy) - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔unit of absorbed radiation dose, defines as 1 joule of
energy into 1 kilogram of mass
Sievert(Sv) - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔the SI unit measuring the biological effect of
radiation on the body, depending on the amount absorbed dose and the intensity of ionization in living
cells, also known as equivalent dose
Radiobiology is the study of - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔effects of ionizing radiation on
biological tissue. its effect vary from individual cell components to the entire organisms
The nature and severity of effects depend upon... - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔type and
amount of radiation absorbed and amount of radiation absorbed and the rate of its delivery to tissues.
radiation is nonselective for site or structure, - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔meaning there is
no specificity for tumor cells. DNA is a critical target for radiation damage, leading to cell alterations or
death.
physical stage - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔ionization of atoms occurs
Radiochemical stage - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔Free radicals form
biologic stage - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔damage to critical
Cells may respond to irradiation in a variety of ways - correct answer <<<<<💕💕💕✔✔* no
effect/injury
* injury is repaired and cell functions
* injury is misrepaired and cell malfunctions
*cell death
