Nursing NUR408 Quiz 1 – Evidence-Based Practice Questions and Answers Study Guide
decision making - correct answer ✔✔a complex, cognitive process of choosing a particular
course of action; the thought process of selecting a logical choice from available options
problem solving - correct answer ✔✔part of decision making; a systematic process focusing on
analyzing a difficult situation involving higher order reasoning and evaluation
critical thinking - correct answer ✔✔the mental process of actively and skillfully
conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating information to reach an
answer or conclusion
clinical reasoning - correct answer ✔✔integrating and applying different types of knowledge to
weigh evidence, critically think about arguments, and reflect on the process used to arrive at
diagnosis
trial and error - correct answer ✔✔A problem-solving strategy that involves attempting
different solutions and eliminating those that do not work.
experiential learning - correct answer ✔✔-provides mock life experiences to learn from
-allows learners to apply leadership and management theory
-promotes whole brain thinking and improved problem-solving skills
Marquis-Huston Critical Thinking Teaching Model - correct answer ✔✔-comprises four
overlapping spheres, each being an essential component for teaching leadership and
management
-the first is a didactic theory component, such as the material that is presented in each chapter
-second, a formalized approach to problem solving and decision making must be used
,-third, there must be some use of the group process, which can be accomplished through large
and small groups and classroom discussion
-final, the material must be made real for the learner so that the learning is internalized; this
can be accomplished through writing exercises, personal exploration, and values clarification,
along with risk taking, as case studies are examined
characteristics of a critical thinker - correct answer ✔✔-insight
-intuition
-empathy
-willingness to take action
successful decision makers - correct answer ✔✔-Self-aware
-Courageous
-Sensitive
-Energetic
-Creative
recurrent and routine problem solving - correct answer ✔✔using previous problem solving
techniques to solve every day problems
satisficing - correct answer ✔✔Choosing an option that is acceptable, although not necessarily
the best or perfect
Maximizing or Optimal Model - correct answer ✔✔(decision making model)
Rational process
All options known
Clear preferences
Final choice maximizes outcome
,frequent errors made in decision making - correct answer ✔✔-no clear objective or goal for
decision
-faulty data gathering (was this poor decision made because necessary information was
intentionally or unintentionally withheld from you?)
-failure to use science, logic, and empirical evidence in making decisions
-not considering enough alternatives
-faulty logic or "crooked thinking"
-not assessing or ignoring the quality of the decision making that is required
-lack of self-awareness
-too much time spent identifying the problem
-refusal to act
-using outcome only for evaluation
-it is not enough to gather adequate information, think logically, select from among many
alternatives, and be aware of the influence of one's values. In the final analysis, one must act
questions that should be asked in data gathering - correct answer ✔✔-what is the setting?
-what is the problem?
-where is it a problem?
-when is it a problem?
-who is affected by the problem?
-what is happening?
-why is it happening? what are the causes of the problem? can I prioritize the causes?
-what are the basic underlying issues? areas of conflict?
-what are the consequences of the problem? which of these are most serious?
, decision-making variables - correct answer ✔✔-new research suggests that gender also plays a
role in how individuals make decisions
-values
-life experience
-individual preference
-brain hemisphere dominance and thinking styles
Risk Quotient in Decision Making - correct answer ✔✔-ask yourself how much risk you are
willing to take
-emotional and professional risk
right brain vs. left brain dominance - correct answer ✔✔-some people fail to use any type of
systematic examination of the problem or its alternatives for solution
-instead, they rely on discrete, often unconscious processes known as heuristics
-heuristics refers to using a "trial-and-error" or "rule-of-thumb" approach to problem solving
economic man - correct answer ✔✔-makes decisions in a rational manner
-has complete knowledge of problem or situation
-considers all alternatives
-has systemic ordering of alternatives
-selects maximizing choice
administrative man - correct answer ✔✔-knowledge is fragmented
-is impossible to accurately predict future consequences
-considers multiple alternatives but not all
-makes decisions that are good enough
-final choice is satisficing
decision making - correct answer ✔✔a complex, cognitive process of choosing a particular
course of action; the thought process of selecting a logical choice from available options
problem solving - correct answer ✔✔part of decision making; a systematic process focusing on
analyzing a difficult situation involving higher order reasoning and evaluation
critical thinking - correct answer ✔✔the mental process of actively and skillfully
conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating information to reach an
answer or conclusion
clinical reasoning - correct answer ✔✔integrating and applying different types of knowledge to
weigh evidence, critically think about arguments, and reflect on the process used to arrive at
diagnosis
trial and error - correct answer ✔✔A problem-solving strategy that involves attempting
different solutions and eliminating those that do not work.
experiential learning - correct answer ✔✔-provides mock life experiences to learn from
-allows learners to apply leadership and management theory
-promotes whole brain thinking and improved problem-solving skills
Marquis-Huston Critical Thinking Teaching Model - correct answer ✔✔-comprises four
overlapping spheres, each being an essential component for teaching leadership and
management
-the first is a didactic theory component, such as the material that is presented in each chapter
-second, a formalized approach to problem solving and decision making must be used
,-third, there must be some use of the group process, which can be accomplished through large
and small groups and classroom discussion
-final, the material must be made real for the learner so that the learning is internalized; this
can be accomplished through writing exercises, personal exploration, and values clarification,
along with risk taking, as case studies are examined
characteristics of a critical thinker - correct answer ✔✔-insight
-intuition
-empathy
-willingness to take action
successful decision makers - correct answer ✔✔-Self-aware
-Courageous
-Sensitive
-Energetic
-Creative
recurrent and routine problem solving - correct answer ✔✔using previous problem solving
techniques to solve every day problems
satisficing - correct answer ✔✔Choosing an option that is acceptable, although not necessarily
the best or perfect
Maximizing or Optimal Model - correct answer ✔✔(decision making model)
Rational process
All options known
Clear preferences
Final choice maximizes outcome
,frequent errors made in decision making - correct answer ✔✔-no clear objective or goal for
decision
-faulty data gathering (was this poor decision made because necessary information was
intentionally or unintentionally withheld from you?)
-failure to use science, logic, and empirical evidence in making decisions
-not considering enough alternatives
-faulty logic or "crooked thinking"
-not assessing or ignoring the quality of the decision making that is required
-lack of self-awareness
-too much time spent identifying the problem
-refusal to act
-using outcome only for evaluation
-it is not enough to gather adequate information, think logically, select from among many
alternatives, and be aware of the influence of one's values. In the final analysis, one must act
questions that should be asked in data gathering - correct answer ✔✔-what is the setting?
-what is the problem?
-where is it a problem?
-when is it a problem?
-who is affected by the problem?
-what is happening?
-why is it happening? what are the causes of the problem? can I prioritize the causes?
-what are the basic underlying issues? areas of conflict?
-what are the consequences of the problem? which of these are most serious?
, decision-making variables - correct answer ✔✔-new research suggests that gender also plays a
role in how individuals make decisions
-values
-life experience
-individual preference
-brain hemisphere dominance and thinking styles
Risk Quotient in Decision Making - correct answer ✔✔-ask yourself how much risk you are
willing to take
-emotional and professional risk
right brain vs. left brain dominance - correct answer ✔✔-some people fail to use any type of
systematic examination of the problem or its alternatives for solution
-instead, they rely on discrete, often unconscious processes known as heuristics
-heuristics refers to using a "trial-and-error" or "rule-of-thumb" approach to problem solving
economic man - correct answer ✔✔-makes decisions in a rational manner
-has complete knowledge of problem or situation
-considers all alternatives
-has systemic ordering of alternatives
-selects maximizing choice
administrative man - correct answer ✔✔-knowledge is fragmented
-is impossible to accurately predict future consequences
-considers multiple alternatives but not all
-makes decisions that are good enough
-final choice is satisficing
