NR 574 Final Exam Acute Care Practicum Week 7 Chamberlain 2026/2027 | Complete with Verified Questions and Answers and Detailed Rationales | AG-ACNP Acute Care Management Certification Prep

INSTANT PDF DOWNLOAD — This is the official test bank for the NR 574 Acute Care Practicum I Final Exam (Week 7 Focus) at Chamberlain University, covering Weeks 5-8 content with verified questions and answers and detailed rationales aligned with the AG-ACNP curriculum . This resource includes 450+ exam-style questions covering acute care management, clinical decision-making, diagnostic interpretation, and evidence-based interventions for complex patient presentations . Rhabdomyolysis Management – Diagnostic criteria include dark urine OR an acute neuromuscular illness without other symptoms PLUS an acute elevation in serum CK (at least 5x the upper limit of normal) . The most reliable test for diagnosis is CK, which typically exceeds 1000 and rises within 2-12 hours, peaking around 24-72 hours following injury . Electrolyte imbalances commonly seen include hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia, and hypocalcemia . Treatment includes isotonic IVF at 400 cc/hr ASAP titrated to maintain urine output of at least 200 cc/hr; CK 15,000 requires 6+ liters to prevent acute renal failure . Treat hyperkalemia with IV glucose, insulin, sodium bicarbonate, or sodium polystyrene sulfonate; hemodialysis for severe refractory cases . Consult nephrology for AKI, orthopedics for suspected compartment syndrome requiring fasciotomy . Burn Management and Parkland Formula – Parkland formula: TBSA (%) x weight (kg) x 4 mL = total fluids in first 24 hours; half given in first 8 hours . Example: 75% TBSA x 80 kg x 4 = 24L total; 12L given in first 8 hours . Applies to patients with burns 20% TBSA, 2nd-degree or higher . Indications for transfer to certified burn center include burns 20% TBSA, burns to face/head/neck/genitals, circumferential extremity or chest burns, full-thickness burns 5%, burns over joints, burns with inhalation injury, electrical burns . Rule of Nines for adults (age 14): anterior head 9%, chest 9%, abdomen 9%, right arm 9%, left arm 9%, perineum 1%, front right leg 9%, front left leg 9%, posterior upper back 9% . Absolute indications for endotracheal intubation in burns include stridor and circumferential burns to the neck . Priority diagnostic studies for burn patients with head/neck/face involvement include carboxyhemoglobin (CO) level and ABGs . Decreased urine output in burn injury within first 24 hours generally indicates need for fluid challenge; provide 1L rapid bolus of lactated Ringers . Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) – Functional form of renal failure occurring primarily in patients with cirrhosis and ascites . Subjective presentation: known diagnosis of acute or chronic liver disease presenting with dysgeusia (altered taste perception), malaise, fatigue, decreased urine output . Diagnostic criteria include: cirrhosis with ascites; increase in Cr 0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours or 50% increase from baseline within 7 days; no response to 2-day diuretic withdrawal and volume expansion with albumin 1g/kg body weight; absence of shock; no nephrotoxic drug use; no macroscopic signs of structural kidney injury (proteinuria 500 mg/dL, microhematuria with 50 RBCs per high-power field, and/or abnormal renal ultrasonography) . Surgical intervention for HRS is TIPS procedure . Acute Intestinal Obstruction – Risk factors include adhesions from previous abdominal surgeries, internal or external hernias, foreign bodies, feces, congenital issues (atresia, stenosis, cyst formation, intestinal duplication, malrotation), trauma (hematoma formation), inflammation (IBD, diverticulitis, radiation, TB), volvulus, ischemic injury, intussusception, intraperitoneal abscess, endometriosis, neoplasms . Subjective findings: colicky abdominal pain (crampy, umbilical pain initially; later becomes constant and diffuse), vomiting (more significant with proximal obstruction), abdominal bloating, obstipation . Objective findings: fever, high-pitched tinkling bowel sounds (may be hypoactive or absent with complete obstruction), abdominal distention (more significant with distal obstruction), mild abdominal tenderness with no peritoneal findings, tender abdominal or groin masses (incarcerated hernia), signs of shock (tachycardia, hypotension, oliguria) . Acute Mesenteric Ischemia (AMI) – Oral contrast should be avoided in suspected AMI as it can obscure bowel wall enhancement and mesenteric vessels . CT abdomen and pelvis with IV contrast is usually the first imaging to evaluate patients with severe acute abdominal pain; may show SMV or SMA thrombosis, portal venous gas, intestinal pneumatosis, ischemia of other organs, lack of bowel enhancement, thickened bowel wall, mesenteric fat stranding, or pneumoperitoneum . Acetaminophen Overdose – Treatment includes activated charcoal given within first 4 hours of intentional overdose . Serial monitoring of liver enzymes (AST, ALT), coagulation parameters (INR, factor V levels), arterial pH, and serial assessment of mental status to determine stage of encephalopathy . N-acetylcysteine (NAC) provides protection from hepatotoxicity if given within 12 hours of non-staggered ingestion; IV NAC dosing: loading dose 150 mg/kg in D5W, then 50 mg/kg over 4 hours, followed by 100 mg/kg over 16 hours . Hypothermia Management – Hypothermia can mimic clinical death; remember "you are not dead until you are warm and dead" . Patients with hypothermia are extremely sensitive to movement; sudden movement can precipitate ventricular fibrillation . Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) – Clinical findings include headache, dizziness, fatigue, memory loss, confusion, difficulty concentrating, nausea/vomiting, drowsiness, stupor, coma, blurred or double vision, seizure, irregular or dilated pupils, cranial nerve palsy, speech impairment, motor weakness or paralysis . Decorticate posturing (flexor posturing or "mummy baby"): adduction of arms folding to chest, flexion of elbows and wrists . Decerebrate posturing (extensor posturing): abduction of arms, elbow and wrist extension . More than 90% of patients diagnosed with concussion do NOT lose consciousness at the time of injury . Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) – BUN/Cr Ratio – BUN/Cr ratio helps determine whether azotemia is due to pre-renal, intrinsic, or post-renal source; normal ratio ranges 12-20 . In prerenal azotemia with hypoperfusion of kidneys, BUN/Cr ratio is elevated (20) . Example: BUN 58, Cr 2.3 yields ratio of 25, strongly suggestive of pre-renal etiology due to hypovolemia . Serum creatinine levels are underestimated in patients with decreased muscle mass (e.g., elderly patients with sarcopenia). The eGFR equation provides a more accurate measurement of GFR based on age, gender, and ethnicity . Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) – Chronic autoimmune disorder affecting all major organs of the body . Classic triad: fever, arthralgia, rash . DOPAMINE RASH mnemonic for clinical features: Discoid rash, Oral ulcers, Photosensitivity, Arthritis, Malar rash (butterfly), Immune component, Neurological symptoms, Elevated ESR, Renal issues, ANA positive, Serositis, Hematological conditions (cytopenias) . Diagnostic criteria must include at least 4 of SOAP BRAIN MD: Serositis, Oral ulcers, Arthralgia/arthritis, Photosensitivity, Blood disorder, Renal involvement, ANA positive, Immunologic phenomenon, Neurologic phenomenon, Malar rash, Discoid rash . Pneumothorax and Tension Pneumothorax – Insertion site for chest tube for pneumothorax: 5th intercostal space . Specific treatment for tension pneumothorax: needle decompression into the 2nd intercostal space in the midclavicular line of the affected side, followed by chest tube