TABLE OF CONTENTS
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 1
THE ABO BLOOD RELATIONSHIP 5
CARDIAC CYCLE 6
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
The heart, the blood vessels, and the blood
Functions of the Cardiovascular System
1. Transportation
➔ transports nutrients (digestive products), gases (oxygen and carbon
dioxide), hormones, and other materials to and from the cells of the body
2. Protection
➔ fights diseases
3. Regulation
➔ helps stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis
THE HEART
● muscular organ that pumps blood to the different parts of the body
● location: middle of the chest cavity with its apex slightly tilted towards the left;
its base lies just below the second ribs
SIZE OF THE HEART
● about the size of a human fist, approximately 14 cm long, 9 cm wide, and less
than 1 pound
BEATING OF THE HUMAN HEART
● When the heart beats, arteries expand as they fill with blood.
● When the heart relaxes, the arteries contract.
1
, WALLS OF THE HEART
● epicardium – outer layer
● myocardium – middle layer
● endocardium – inner layer
PERICARDIAL CAVITY
● space formed between the outer pericardium and the endocardium
CHAMBERS OF THE HUMAN HEART
➔ 4 chambers:
○ upper chambers (right and left atria)
○ lower chambers (right and left ventricles)
Septum - divides the heart into 4 chambers (right and left atria and right and left
ventricles)
Atria (sing. atrium) - receiving chambers; thin-walled
Ventricles - pumping chambers; thick-walled
Heart valves - flaps of tough muscles that prevent the back flowing of blood
● Atrioventricular valves - tricuspid (between RA/RV), bicuspid (LA/LV)
● Semilunar valves - pulmonic (RV/pulmonary artery), aortic valve (LV/aorta)
BLOOD VESSELS
➔ network of channels that convey blood to all parts of the body and are
connected to the heart
Arteries
➔ thick elastic wall, small lumen
➔ transports oxygen-rich blood that moves away from the heart
2
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 1
THE ABO BLOOD RELATIONSHIP 5
CARDIAC CYCLE 6
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
The heart, the blood vessels, and the blood
Functions of the Cardiovascular System
1. Transportation
➔ transports nutrients (digestive products), gases (oxygen and carbon
dioxide), hormones, and other materials to and from the cells of the body
2. Protection
➔ fights diseases
3. Regulation
➔ helps stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis
THE HEART
● muscular organ that pumps blood to the different parts of the body
● location: middle of the chest cavity with its apex slightly tilted towards the left;
its base lies just below the second ribs
SIZE OF THE HEART
● about the size of a human fist, approximately 14 cm long, 9 cm wide, and less
than 1 pound
BEATING OF THE HUMAN HEART
● When the heart beats, arteries expand as they fill with blood.
● When the heart relaxes, the arteries contract.
1
, WALLS OF THE HEART
● epicardium – outer layer
● myocardium – middle layer
● endocardium – inner layer
PERICARDIAL CAVITY
● space formed between the outer pericardium and the endocardium
CHAMBERS OF THE HUMAN HEART
➔ 4 chambers:
○ upper chambers (right and left atria)
○ lower chambers (right and left ventricles)
Septum - divides the heart into 4 chambers (right and left atria and right and left
ventricles)
Atria (sing. atrium) - receiving chambers; thin-walled
Ventricles - pumping chambers; thick-walled
Heart valves - flaps of tough muscles that prevent the back flowing of blood
● Atrioventricular valves - tricuspid (between RA/RV), bicuspid (LA/LV)
● Semilunar valves - pulmonic (RV/pulmonary artery), aortic valve (LV/aorta)
BLOOD VESSELS
➔ network of channels that convey blood to all parts of the body and are
connected to the heart
Arteries
➔ thick elastic wall, small lumen
➔ transports oxygen-rich blood that moves away from the heart
2
